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321.
Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production in Alkaline Solutions Using Cu2O Coated with Earth‐Abundant Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts 下载免费PDF全文
Carlos G. Morales‐Guio Laurent Liardet Dr. Matthew T. Mayer Dr. S. David Tilley Prof. Dr. Michael Grätzel Prof. Dr. Xile Hu 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(2):664-667
The splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen molecules using sunlight is an attractive method for solar energy storage. Until now, photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution is mostly studied in acidic solutions, in which the hydrogen evolution is more facile than in alkaline solutions. Herein, we report photoelectrochemical hydrogen production in alkaline solutions, which are more favorable than acidic solutions for the complementary oxygen evolution half‐reaction. We show for the first time that amorphous molybdenum sulfide is a highly active hydrogen evolution catalyst in basic medium. The amorphous molybdenum sulfide catalyst and a Ni–Mo catalyst are then deposited on surface‐protected cuprous oxide photocathodes to catalyze sunlight‐driven hydrogen production in 1 M KOH. The photocathodes give photocurrents of ?6.3 mA cm?2 at the reversible hydrogen evolution potential, the highest yet reported for a metal oxide photocathode using an earth‐abundant hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst. 相似文献
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Madhumita Goswami Govind P. Kothiyal Laurent Delevoye 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2008,181(2):269-275
Lithium zinc silicate glasses of composition (mol%): 17.5Li2O-(72−x)SiO2-xZnO−5.1Na2O−1.3P2O5−4.1B2O3, 5.5?x?17.7, were prepared by conventional melt-quenched technique and converted to glass-ceramic by controlled crystallization process. 29Si and 31P MAS-NMR was used to characterize the structure of both glass and glass-ceramic samples. Despite the complex glass composition, Q2, Q3 and Q4 sites are identified from 29Si MAS-NMR, which relative intensities are found to vary with the ZnO content, indicating a network depolymerization by ZnO. Moreover, well separated Q3 and Q4 resonances for low ZnO content indicates the occurrence of phase separation. From 31P MAS-NMR, it is seen that phosphorus is mainly present in the form of ortho-(Q0) and pyro-phosphate (Q1) structural units and variation of ZnO content did not have much effect on these resonances, which provides an additional evidence for phase separation in the glass. On conversion to glass-ceramics, lithium disilicate (Li2Si2O5), lithium zinc ortho-silicate (Li3Zn0.5SiO4), tridymite (SiO2) and cristobalite (SiO2) were identified as major silicate crystalline phases. Using 29Si MAS-NMR, quantification of these silicate crystalline phases is carried out and correlated with the ZnO content in the glass-ceramics samples. In addition, 31P spectra unambiguously revealed the presence of crystalline Li3PO4 and (Na,Li)3PO4 in the glass-ceramics. 相似文献
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Christophe Casademont Monica Araya Farias Gérald Pourcelly Laurent Bazinet 《Journal of membrane science》2008
During electrodialysis (ED) treatment of solutions with different Mg/Ca ratios (R = 0, 1/20, 1/10, 1/5 and 2/5) and in different pH conditions (acid, neutral and basic), foulings on ion-exchange membranes were previously characterized and identified, by the way of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. A mineral fouling was observed in neutral and basic conditions (for R = 1/5 and 2/5) on the anion-exchange membrane (AEM) concentrate side and in basic conditions on the cation-exchange membrane (CEM) concentrate side as well as on the diluate side for R = 1/5 and 2/5. The objectives of this present work were to link the morphological characterization and identification of membrane fouling to electrodialytic parameters and cation migration kinetics. It appeared that the CEM permselectivity was severely affected in basic conditions for R ≥ 1/5. The consequence of this alteration was the migration of OH− through the CEM, a pH increase in the diluate compartment and different treatment durations. The calcite observed on AEM concentrate side for Mg/Ca ≥ 1/5 would be due first to the particular operating conditions such as the recirculation of the concentrate solution, and also to the supersaturated conditions reached or not at the AEM interface and favourable pH conditions. 相似文献
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Paramagnetic liposomes: inner versus outer membrane relaxivity of DPPC liposomes incorporating lipophilic gadolinium complexes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Laurent S Elst LV Thirifays C Muller RN 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2008,24(8):4347-4351
Proton relaxometric properties of unilamellar DPPC liposomes embedding an amphiphilic paramagnetic chelate (Gd-DTPA-BC(14)A) in both layers of the phospholipid membrane or only in the external one are compared. The results show that the membrane's water permeability is able to quench the effect of the paramagnetic complexes located in the internal layer of DPPC liposomes, leading thus to an apparent lower global relaxivity. 相似文献
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Kabbour H Janod E Corraze B Danot M Lee C Whangbo MH Cario L 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2008,130(26):8261-8270
The oxychalcogenides A2F2Fe2OQ2 (A = Sr, Ba; Q = S, Se), which contain Fe2O square planar layers of the anti-CuO2 type, were predicted using a modular assembly of layered secondary building units and subsequently synthesized. The physical properties of these compounds were characterized using magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, specific heat, (57)Fe Mossbauer, and powder neutron diffraction measurements and also by estimating their exchange interactions on the basis of first-principles density functional theory electronic structure calculations. These compounds are magnetic semiconductors that undergo a long-range antiferromagnetic ordering below 83.6-106.2 K, and their magnetic properties are well-described by a two-dimensional Ising model. The dominant antiferromagnetic spin exchange interaction between S = 2 Fe(2+) ions occurs through corner-sharing Fe-O-Fe bridges. Moreover, the calculated spin exchange interactions show that the A2F2Fe2OQ2 (A = Sr, Ba; Q = S, Se) compounds represent a rare example of a frustrated antiferromagnetic checkerboard lattice. 相似文献
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Pouységu L Marguerit M Gagnepain J Lyvinec G Eatherton AJ Quideau S 《Organic letters》2008,10(22):5211-5214
The first total synthesis of the natural nondimerizing o-quinol (+)-wasabidienone B1 was achieved from commercially available 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene. The key dearomatizing transformation was efficiently accomplished via a hydroxylative phenol dearomatization reaction using the stabilized lambda(5)-iodane reagent IBX (SIBX). (+)-Wasabidienone B1 was then converted into its congener (-)-wasabidienone B0 via an improved thermally induced ring-contracting isomerization reaction. 相似文献