trans -Bis(triphenylphosphine)phthalocyaninato(2–)rhenium(II): Synthesis, Properties, and Crystal Structure Dirheniumheptoxide reacts with phthalodinitrile in boiling 1-chloronaphthalene and subsequent reprecipitation of the green raw product from conc. sulfuric acid to yield an oxo-phthalocyaninate of rhenium, which is reduced by molten triphenylphosphine forming dark green trans-bis(triphenylphosphine)phthalocyaninato(2–)rhenium(II), trans[Re(PPh3)2pc2–]. The latter crystallizes triclinic in the space group P 1 with the cell parameters as follows: a = 11.512(2) Å, b = 12.795(2) Å, c = 12.858(2) Å, α = 64.42(2)°, β = 79.45(2)°, γ = 72.74(1)°; V = 1628.1(5); Z = 1. Re is in the centre of the (Np)4 plane (Np: N1, N3) and coordinates two triphenylphosphine ligands axially in trans position. The average Re–Np and Re–P distances are 2.007(1) and 2.516(3) Å, respectively. Despite the many extra bands the typical B, Q and N regions of the pc2– ligand are observed at ca. 16500, 28900/32900 and 35300 cm–1. A weak band group at ca. 8900 cm–1 is attributed to a trip-multiplet transition, another one at ca. 14500 cm–1 to a P → Re charge transfer. The vibrational spectra are dominated by internal vibrations of the pc2– ligand. The very weak intensity of the IR bands at 905 and 1327 cm–1 are diagnostic of the presence of ReII. 相似文献
For non-premixed combustion, the steady laminar flamelet model (SLFM) and flamelet/progress variable approach (FPVA) are two popular methods for tabulating flamelet manifolds. Even if the two methods are used to tabulate and parameterize the same flamelet database, their results sometimes differ in the subsequent simulation. In this work, a novel perspective is provided to assess the performance of the SLFM and FPVA. Both approaches are compared with respect to their capabilities to capture tangential diffusion (TD) of the thermochemical state variables along iso-surfaces of mixture fraction. The relevance of TD effects is identified using generalized flamelet equations and regimes by comparing flamelet solutions with and without TD terms to a FTC (full transport and chemistry) solution of a well-known non-premixed coflow flame. It is found that TD effects can play an important role in entire mixture fraction space, even in the classical flamelet regime. This suggests that the ability to characterize TD effects is an important performance indicator for tabulation strategies. Thereafter, an a priori analysis is conducted comparing the results from the FPVA and SLFM (using the same flamelet database) with the FTC results. The results show that the FPVA is able to more accurately describe the thermochemical state and the flame structure than the SLFM. For a more detailed assessment of the two tabulation strategies, the TD terms reconstructed from the FPVA and SLFM are compared to those from the FTC results. It is found that the FPVA can capture a significant portion of TD effects, while the SLFM can hardly characterize TD effects. This particular capability allows the FPVA to describe chemistry-transport interaction and flame structure more accurately than the SLFM. 相似文献
Within the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) we systematically investigate the bounds on the mass of the lightest
neutralino. We allow for non-universal gaugino masses and thus even consider massless neutralinos, while assuming in general
that R-parity is conserved. Our main focus is on laboratory constraints. We consider collider data, precision observables, and also
rare meson decays to very light neutralinos. We then discuss the astrophysical and cosmological implications. We find that
a massless neutralino is allowed by all existing experimental data and astrophysical and cosmological observations. 相似文献
The valine side chains in the crystal structure of the title compound [systematic name: 2‐(2‐ammonio‐3‐methylbutanamido)‐3‐hydroxypropanoate trihydrate], C8H16N2O4·3H2O, stack along an a axis of 4.77 Å to form hydrophobic columns surrounded by remarkable water/hydroxyl shells. The peptide main chains are connected by hydrogen bonds in two‐dimensional layers. The peptide molecules in each layer are related only by translation, and generate a very rare pattern. This is rendered possible through the formation of the shortest Cα—H·O(carboxylate) interaction ever recorded. 相似文献
Borenes and boranes : Silylaminoiminoborenes, such as depicted, were isolated after treatment of halogen triels with silylaminofluoroboranes. In addition, novel aryl‐ and silyl‐substituted diaminofluoroboranes were also prepared in order to substantiate this reaction route.
UVB from the sun and intake from food are the only human sources of vitamin D. Tibet is a unique region for comparisons of these sources: (1) it lies at a low latitude and at a high altitude and has very large annual fluences of UVB; (2) the traditional Tibetan food is poor in vitamin D. Blood samples were taken from 63 persons of different age, with different occupations and staying at different places. UVB doses at these places were measured. The samples were analyzed by a standard radioimmune assay for determination of the serum concentration of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). The main finding was that among nomads, there seems to be severe vitamin D deficiency (serum levels of 25(OH)D < 30 n m ). We tentatively propose that the low level of 25(OH)D of nomads is related to their clothing and sun exposure habits. For persons of other occupations (students, teachers and farmers) the levels are higher, although a significant fraction of these persons also have lower levels than 75 n m , by many regarded as a limit for insufficiency related to a number of negative health conditions. The annual dose of vitamin D-generating UVB is about five times larger in Lhasa than in Oslo. Despite this, the average vitamin D status seems to be similar, except in the case of nomads. This phenomenon is certainly related to food habits. In conclusion, the 25(OH)D status among nomads in Tibet appears to be alarmingly low. However, for people of other occupations the status is more normal. 相似文献
A Hamming space Λn consists of all sequences of length n over an alphabet Λ and is endowed with the Hamming distance. In particular, any set of aligned DNA sequences of fixed length constitutes a subspace of a Hamming space with respect to mismatch distance. The quasi-median operation returns for any three sequences u,v,w the sequence which in each coordinate attains either the majority coordinate from u,v,w or else (in the case of a tie) the coordinate of the first entry, u; for a subset of Λn the iterative application of this operation stabilizes in its quasi-median hull. We show that for every finite tree interconnecting a given subset X of Λn there exists a shortest realization within Λn for which all interior nodes belong to the quasi-median hull of X. Hence the quasi-median hull serves as a Steiner hull for the Steiner problem in Hamming space. 相似文献