Transport anomalies in glasses

We discuss a recently developed random walk model for ionic transport in glass, which offers a simple explanation to the so far unexplained transport anomalies in glassy ionic conductors: The set of anomalies combined under the name mixed alkali effect and the drastic increase of the ionic conductivity with the concentration of mobile ions. The model is based on the experimental evidence that ions maintain their distinct local environments and leads to the formation of fluctuating structural pathways. The connectivity of these pathways determines the ion mobility in the glassy network.     

The Technology of Droplet Measurement with Cascade Impactors

Cascade impactors are still the most suitable devices with which to measure fine droplet mists in gas ducts. This report describes the measurement technique and underlying principles. It is based largely on experience gained with a type of impactor that has been specially developed for droplet measurements, and also on applications of impactors in the chemical industry. Most of the measurement work has been undertaken in connection with environmental protection. The cascade impactor gives the mass-related droplet size distributions and concentrations within a range extending from about 0.2 to 10 microns. Larger droplets are collected quantitatively in the sampling probe, which serves as a precollector.