Rational groups and integer-valued characters of Thompson group <Emphasis Type="Italic">Th</Emphasis>

According to the main result of W. Feit and G. M. Seitz (Illinois J Math 33(1):103–131, 1988), the Thompson group Th is non-rational or unmatured group (S. Fujita in Bull Chem Soc Jpn 71:2071–2080, 1998). Using the concept of markaracter tables proposed by S. Fujita (Bull Chem Soc Jpn 71:1587–1596, 1998), we are able to obtain tables of integer-valued characters for finite unmatured groups. In this paper, the integer-valued character for Thompson group is successfully derived for the first time.     

Temperature and pressure dependence of secondary process in an epoxy system

Dielectric spectroscopy as a function of temperature and pressure was used to study the secondary relaxation in poly [(phenyl glycidyl ether)-co-formaldehyde] at hydrostatic pressure up to 600 MPa and at different temperatures between 315 and 243 K. From the analysis of the isothermal measurements, we observe that the activation volume of the secondary relaxation has nonmonotonic temperature dependence with a maximum at the temperature of the glass transition at ambient pressure. An interpretation in terms of mean hole volume dispersion is proposed based on literature data. Moreover, from isobaric data, we studied the effect of pressure on activation entropy and enthalpy of the secondary relaxation evidencing its local nature but also the presence of a certain complexity of the motion, which supports the idea that this process reflects the motion of a large part of the molecule.     

LC-ESI-MS characterisation of phytoalexins induced in chickpea and pea tissues in response to a biotic elicitor of Hypnea musciformis (red algae)

A simple extraction procedure and HPLC method was developed to analyse the major and minor components of induced phytoalexins of elicited tissues (seeds) of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) and peas (Pisum sativum L.) treated with a biotic elicitor (k-carrageenan) of Hypnea musciformis (red algae) from the Karachi coast. The level and timing of the induced phytoalexin production were estimated on the basis of various elicitor dilutions and as a function of time; the results are presented and discussed. A LC-ESI-MS/MS technique has been employed for the detection and characterisation of the induced phytochemical components (flavonoids and their glyco-conjugates). Nine flavonoids were identified from chickpeas: naringin, naringin malonate, liquiritigenin, naringenin, biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin, maackiain and medicarpin, while five flavonoids were identified from peas: afrormosin, anhydropisatin, pisatin, pseudobaptigenin and maackiain. These compounds play a vital role as phytoalexins because of their antimicrobial activity.     

The product of operators with closed range in Hilbert C-modules

Suppose T and S are bounded adjointable operators with close range between Hilbert C^∗-modules, then TS has closed range if and only if Ker(T)+Ran(S) is an orthogonal summand, if and only if Ker(S^∗)+Ran(T^∗) is an orthogonal summand. Moreover, if the Dixmier (or minimal) angle between Ran(S) and Ker(T)∩[Ker(T)∩Ran(S)]^⊥ is positive and is an orthogonal summand then TS has closed range.     

Carrageenan as an elicitor of induced secondary metabolites and its effects on various growth characters of chickpea and maize plants

The effects of polysaccharide elicitor k-carrageenan obtained from Hypnea musciformis, red algae on the production of Induced Secondary Metabolites, ISMs (the disease resistance compounds) and on various growth characters of chickpea and maize plants were studied. Experiments were conducted in the field of PCSIR Laboratories Complex Karachi during December 2008–April 2009 in randomized complete block design with three replications. Three elicitor treatments were used, a solid preparation in which the elicitor was mixed with soil (T₂ 1 mg/g) and applied around the seeds in the soil. The two other preparations were liquid, T₁ and T₃ at a concentration of 100 μg glc eq ml⁻¹ and were applied around the sowing seeds and as a foliar spray on the plants, respectively. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that these treatments significantly enhanced all the growth characters of chickpea except T₂ that gave the nonsignificant difference in the plant height. Maximum plant height (80.3 cm), number of pods plant⁻¹ (76.2), number of branches plant⁻¹ (25.0), number of leaves plant⁻¹ (125.6), earlier flowering and high ISMs contents in leaves, stem and grains of chickpea were recorded in T₁ treated chickpea plants. In maize plants only T₁ and T₃ treatments (with minor exceptions) had significant effects on few characters like plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves plant⁻¹ and on ISMs contents in leaves while number of cobs plant⁻¹ and flowering time were nonsignificantly affected by these treatments. These results suggested that k-carrageenan elicitor can be used as a potent plant protectant as well as growth promoting agent especially for chickpea plants.     

Increasing the RF energy per pulse of an RKO

The Air Force Research Laboratory RKO source has recently demonstrated the ability to convert electron beam power to RF power until the termination of the electron beam pulse, achieving a power of 1.5 GW at an energy of 170 J. These results represent an increase in power of 25-30% in power and energy extracted from this source. This paper discusses the principal research areas encountered in lengthening the RF pulse (FWHM) from 50 ns to the present 120 ns and the associated increase in the RF energy     

Remote sensing of pollutants using femtosecond laser pulse fluorescence spectroscopy

The fluorescence spectrum of ethanol molecules induced by femtosecond laser pulses has been recorded as the fingerprint of the molecules. It was demonstrated that, if this is combined with a LIDAR technique, the fluorescence from pollutants in the atmosphere could be detected over a long distance. PACS 42.68.Wt; 42.62.Fi; 42.65.Re     

A result in asymmetric Euclidean Ramsey theory

It is proved that if the points of the three-dimensional Euclidean space are coloured with red and blue, then there exist either two red points at unit distance, or six collinear blue points with distance one between any two consecutive points.     

General solution of Basset equation with Caputo generalized Hukuhara derivative

In this paper, the fuzzy Basset equation is introduced. This problem is related to the motion of a sphere in a viscous liquid when its parameters are fuzzy numbers. We investigate the existence and uniqueness of solution with converting the problem to a system of fuzzy fractional differential equation, and the solution is also obtained under Caputo generalized Hukuhara differentiability. Some examples show the effectiveness and efficiency our approach.