Magnetic and mechanical AC loss of the ITER CS1 model coil conductor under transverse cyclic loading

The magnetic field in a coil results in a transverse force on the strands pushing the cable towards one side of the jacket. A special cryogenic press has been built to study in a unique way the mechanical and electrical properties of full-size ITER Cable-in-Conduit (CIC) samples under a transverse, mechanical load. The press can transmit a variable (cyclic) force of at least 650 kN/m to a cable section of 400 mm at 4.2 K. The jacket around the cable is partly opened in order to transmit the transverse force directly onto the cable. A superconducting dipole coil provides the AC magnetic field required to perform magnetisation measurements with pick-up coils. In addition the interstrand resistance (R_c) between various strands selected from topologically different positions inside the cable is measured. The force on the cable as well as the displacement are monitored simultaneously in order to determine the effective cable Young's modulus and the mechanical heat generation due to friction and deformation as the force is cycled. The mechanical heat generation, the coupling loss time constant nτ and R_c of a full-size ITER conductor have been studied under load for the first time. An important result is the significant decrease of nτ, after cyclic loading. It is also observed that the mechanical heat generation decreases with cycling.     

Polyacrylamide brush coatings preventing microbial adhesion to silicone rubber

Silicone rubber is a frequently used biomaterial in biomedical devices and implants, yet highly prone to microbial adhesion and the development of a biomaterial-centered infection. Effective coating of silicone rubber to discourage microbial adhesion has thus far been impossible due to the hydrophobic character of its surface, surface deterioration upon treatment and instability of coatings under physiological conditions. Here we present a method to successfully grow polyacrylamide (PAAm) brushes from silicone rubber surfaces after removal of low molecular weight organic molecules (LMWOM), such as silane oligomers. PAAm brush coating did not cause any surface deterioration and discouraged microbial adhesion, even after 1-month exposure to physiological fluids. The method presented opens many new avenues for the use of silicone rubber as a biomaterial, without the risk of developing a biomaterial-centered infection.     

Cross-linking-induced permanently perpendicular helix orientation in surface-grafted polyglutamate films

Using a chemical cross-linking procedure, surface-grafted polyglutamate films with a permanently perpendicular helix orientation were prepared. A surface-grafted alpha-helical polyglutamate film containing polymerizable side groups was synthesized by ring-opening terpolymerization of 50 molar% gamma-methyl-L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride (NCA), 30% gamma-stearyl-L-glutamate NCA and 20% gamma-4-vinylbenzyl-L-glutamate NCA initiated from a silicon substrate functionalized with primary amino groups. The average tilt angle of the end-grafted helices in this film is approximately 66 degrees , indicating a nearly parallel helix orientation with respect to the substrate surface. After swelling of the grafted terpolyglutamate film in stearyl methacrylate and subsequent radical cross-linking, the average helix tilt angle decreases to about 11 degrees, indicating an almost perpendicular helix orientation. The film thickness increases accordingly from 151 A before to approximately 390 A after cross-linking. Extensive solvent treatment of the cross-linked film shows that the perpendicular helix orientation is permanent.     

Novel, highly selective gold nanoparticle patterning on surfaces using pure water

We present a simple, novel procedure to selectively deposit gold nanoparticles using pure water. It enables patterning of nanoparticle monolayers with a remarkably high degree of selectivity on flat as well as microstructured oxide surfaces. We demonstrate that water molecules form a thin "capping" layer on exposed thiol molecules within the mercaptan self-assembled layer. This reversible capping of water molecules locally "deactivates" the thiol groups, therewith inhibiting the binding of metallic gold nanoparticles to these specific areas. This amazing role of water molecules can be used as a tool to pattern flat as well as structured surfaces with gold nanoparticles.     

J/ψ polarization in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

The ALICE Collaboration has studied J/ψ production in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV at the LHC through its muon pair decay. The polar and azimuthal angle distributions of the decay muons were measured, and results on the J/ψ polarization parameters λ(θ) and λ(φ) were obtained. The study was performed in the kinematic region 2.5相似文献   

Synthesis of Branched Polyglucans by the Tandem Action of Potato Phosphorylase and Deinococcus geothermalis Glycogen Branching Enzyme

An enzymatic tandem reaction is described in which the enzymes phosphorylase and Deinococcus geothermalis glycogen branching enzyme (Dg GBE) catalyze the synthesis of branched polyglucans from glucose‐1‐phosphate (G‐1‐P). Phosphorylase consumes G‐1‐P and polymerizes linear amylose while Dg GBE introduces branching points on the α‐(1 → 6) positions by reshuffling short oligosaccharides. The resulting branched polyglucans have an unusually high degree of branching of 11%.

     

Asymmetric Induction on Copper(I) Chloride catalyzed 1,4-addition of alkylmagnesium chlorides to α, β-disubstituted (E)-enoylsultams and subsequent protonation

Successive treatment of conjugated N-enoylsultams 2 with alkyl Grignard reagents/CuCl and aq. NH₄Cl solution generated selectively two stereogenic centers at C(α) and C(β) providing, after flash chromatography and crystallization, acylsultams 5 in high purity. Mild cleavage afforded the recovered sultam auxiliary 1 and enantiomerically pure carboxylic acids 7 .     

Distribution and thickness of the surface contaminations on STM tungsten tips,studied by AES/SEM and ARXPS

The combination of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and angle resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) has been applied to the analysis of the distribution of elements at the surface region of electrochemically etched tungsten tips and the determination of the thickness of a layer with oxygen and carbon contamination. Auger line profiling revealed a homogeneous distribution of oxygen and significant enrichment of carbon on the W tip between 0 and 1.5 m from the top. The thickness of the contamination layer on various W materials, electrochemically etched, was found to be 1.35±0.15 nm as measured using ARXPS, and was estimated to be about 1–3 nm as measured by AES.