Approximate analytical solutions of the effective mass Dirac equation for the generalized Hulthén potential with any <Emphasis Type="Italic">κ</Emphasis>-value

The Dirac equation, with position-dependent mass, is solved approximately for the generalized Hulthén potential with any spin-orbit quantum number κ. Solutions are obtained by using an appropriate coordinate transformation, reducing the effective mass Dirac equation to a Schrödinger-like differential equation. The Nikiforov-Uvarov method is used in the calculations to obtain energy eigenvalues and the corresponding wave functions. Numerical results are compared with those given in the literature. Analytical results are also obtained for the case of constant mass and the results are in good agreement with the literature.     

Molecular weight effect on latex film formation induced by solvent vapor: an optical transmission study

Vesicular electrokinetic chromatography was used to investigate solute partitioning from the aqueous phase into dihexadecyl hydrogen phosphate (DHP) vesicles. Retention factors of neutral solutes are related to their partition coefficients between the aqueous phase and vesicles (K(vw)). The K(vw) of the aromatic test solutes were readily obtained from the slopes of the linear relationships between retention factors versus DHP concentrations. The technique offers the advantages of speed, automation, and small sample size for determination of partition coefficients. The K(vw) values of 43 uncharged solutes were measured at below as well as above the phase transition temperatures. The logarithms of partition coefficients (log K(vw)) of solutes at 71 degrees C (above T(c)) were slightly higher than those at 36 degrees C (below T(c)). The solvation characteristics of DHP were also studied using linear solvation energy relationships at the two temperatures.     

Rickart and Dual Rickart Objects in Abelian Categories

We introduce and study relative Rickart objects and dual relative Rickart objects in abelian categories. We show how our theory may be employed in order to study relative regular objects and (dual) relative Baer objects in abelian categories. We also give applications to module and comodule categories.     

Approximate Solution of the Effective Mass Klein-Gordon Equation for the Hulthen Potential with Any Angular Momentum

The radial part of the effective mass Klein-Gordon equation for the Hulthen potential is solved by making an approximation to the centrifugal potential. The Nikiforov-Uvarov method is used in the calculations. Energy spectra and the corresponding eigenfunctions are computed. Results are also given for the case of constant mass.     

A two-stage stochastic programming framework for transportation planning in disaster response

This study proposes a two-stage stochastic programming model to plan the transportation of vital first-aid commodities to disaster-affected areas during emergency response. A multi-commodity, multi-modal network flow formulation is developed to describe the flow of material over an urban transportation network. Since it is difficult to predict the timing and magnitude of any disaster and its impact on the urban system, resource mobilization is treated in a random manner, and the resource requirements are represented as random variables. Furthermore, uncertainty arising from the vulnerability of the transportation system leads to random arc capacities and supply amounts. Randomness is represented by a finite sample of scenarios for capacity, supply and demand triplet. The two stages are defined with respect to information asymmetry, which discloses uncertainty during the progress of the response. The approach is validated by quantifying the expected value of perfect and stochastic information in problem instances generated out of actual data.     

SAXS and WAXS analysis of MgO doped ZnO nanostructured ceramics grown on Si and glass substrate

The study performs preparation of the precursor thin films with MgO doped ZnO nanocrystalline ceramics by electrospinning technique and their characterizations by small and wide angle X-ray scattering methods. The prepared films on Si and commercial glass wafers as nanoceramic mats were calcined at 320, 340, 360 and 380 °C. The role of the annealing conditions on the morphological changes and uniformity of the films was also investigated. Results show that, the thermal process and choice of the wafer are critical for film morphology at the nano and atomic scales through the network shrinkage and crystallization, respectively. Samples show mono/poly disperse isolated nanoclusters/regular lamellar distributions/and embedded aggregations.     

Exact Solutions of the Morse-like Potential,Step-Up and Step-Down Operators via Laplace Transform Approach

We intend to realize the step-up and step-down operators of the potential V (x) = V1 e 2βx+V2 e βx. It is found that these operators satisfy the commutation relations for the SU(2) group. We find the eigenfunctions and the eigenvalues of the potential by using the Laplace transform approach to study the Lie algebra satisfied the ladder operators of the potential under consideration. Our results are similar to the ones obtained for the Morse potential (β→β).     

Exact solutions of the Schr?dinger equation via Laplace transform approach: pseudoharmonic potential and Mie-type potentials

Exact bound state solutions and corresponding normalized eigenfunctions of the radial Schr?dinger equation are studied for the pseudoharmonic and Mie-type potentials by using the Laplace transform approach. The analytical results are obtained and seen that they are the same with the ones obtained before. The energy eigenvalues of the inverse square plus square potential and three-dimensional harmonic oscillator are given as special cases. It is shown the variation of the first six normalized wavefunctions of the above potentials. It is also given numerical results for the bound states of two diatomic molecular potentials, and compared the results with the ones obtained in literature.     

Ultrasound-assisted rapid synthesis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">β</Emphasis>-aminoketones with direct-type catalytic Mannich reaction using bismuth(III) triflate in aqueous media at room temperature

An innovative, powerful, efficient and relatively rapid method was developed to synthesise various β-aminoketone derivatives from cyclohexanone, substituted aromatic amines and aromatic or hetero-aromatic aldehydes via ultrasound-assisted direct-type catalytic Mannich reaction using bismuth(III) triflate in water. Good yields of the desired β-aminoketones were obtained at room temperature by ultrasound-assisted reaction within 1–2 h. The major advantages of the proposed method are undemanding conditions, easy operation, low toxicity, shorter reaction time, anti selectivity and higher yields in comparison with conventional methods.     

Klein–Gordon equation for a charged particle in space-varying electromagnetic fields–A systematic study via the Laplace transform

Exact solutions of the Klein–Gordon equation for a charged particle in the presence of three spatially varying electromagnetic fields, namely, (i) $\overrightarrow{E}=\alpha {\beta }_0{e}^{?\alpha x_2}{\widehat{x}}_2,$$\overrightarrow{B}=\alpha {\beta }_1{e}^{?\alpha x_2}{\widehat{x}}_3$ (ii) $\overrightarrow{E}=\frac{{\beta }_0^{{}^{\prime }}}{x_2^2}{\widehat{x}}_2,$$\overrightarrow{B}=\frac{{\beta }_1^{{}^{\prime }}}{x_2^2}{\widehat{x}}_3,$ and (iii) $\overrightarrow{E}=\frac{2{\beta }_0^{{}^{\prime }}}{x_2^3}{\widehat{x}}_2,$$\overrightarrow{B}=\frac{2{\beta }_1^{{}^{\prime }}}{x_2^3}{\widehat{x}}_3,$ are studied. All these fields are generated from a systematic study of a particular type of differential equation whose coefficients are linear in the independent variable. The Laplace transform approach is used to find the solutions, and the corresponding eigenfunctions are expressed in terms of the hypergeometric functions ?₁F₁(a′, b′; x) for the first two cases of the above configurations, while the same are expressed in terms of the Bessel functions of first kind, J_n(x), for the last case.