Chemical Modification of Hydrophobic Block in Poly(Ethylene Oxide) Poly(Caprolactone) Based Nanocarriers: Effect on the Solubilization and Hemolytic Activity of Amphotericin B

The aim of this study was to develop methoxy poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) (MePEO‐b‐PCL) containing stearyl (St) substituents on PCL, and assess the efficacy of nanocarriers formed from this structure in comparison to unmodified MePEO‐b‐PCL and those with carboxyl substitutes on PCL on the solubilization and delivery of Amphotericin B (AmB). Prepared block copolymers were characterized for their molecular weight by ¹H NMR and gel permeation chromatography. The self‐assembly of synthesized MePEO‐b‐PStCL to spherical particles of nanometer size range was shown by dynamic light scattering as well as electron and atomic force microscopy. Encapsulated AmB showed a reduction in its hemolytic activity against rat red blood cells in comparison to the commercial formulation of AmB, Fungizone.

     

An Efficient Catalytic Procedure for the Selective Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides by Citric Acid/Al(NO3)3.9H2O/MBr Under Mild and Heterogeneous Conditions

A wide range of aliphatic or aromatic sulfides are selectively oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxides using Al(NO₃)₃.9H₂O, citric acid and a catalytic amount of KBr or NaBr in the presence of wet SiO₂ (50% w/w)in CH₂Cl₂ under mild and heterogeneous conditions in good to high yields.     

Ferric nitrate in the presence of catalytic amounts of KBr or NaBr: an efficient and homoselective catalytic media for the selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides

Abstract  A mild, efficient, and highly selective oxidation method of sulfides to sulfoxides using Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O and catalytic amounts of KBr or NaBr in the presence of wet SiO₂ (50% w/w) has been developed. A variety of aliphatic and aromatic sulfides were selectively oxidized at room temperature in good to excellent yields. Graphical abstract        

Beam-quality factor of single-mode gain-guided fiber lasers

The beam-quality factor M(2) for the fundamental LP01 mode of a step-index fiber is calculated in the presence of gain, in a closed form, as a function of the complex generalized V number. It is shown that the M(2) value of a single-mode gain-guided fiber laser can be arbitrarily large. The results are important for the interpretation of the beam-quality measurements in recent experiments on single-mode gain-guided fiber lasers.     

Uniform boundedness of Kantorovich operators in Morrey spaces

In this paper, the Kantorovich operators \(K_n, n\in \mathbb {N}\) are shown to be uniformly bounded in Morrey spaces on the closed interval [0, 1]. Also an upper estimate is obtained for the difference \(K_n(f)-f\) for functions f of regularity of order 1 measured in Morrey spaces. One of the key tools is the pointwise inequality for the Kantorovich operators and the Hardy–Littlewood maximal operator, which is of interest on its own and can be applied to other problems related to the Kantorovich operators.     

Finding general and explicit solutions (2 + 1) dimensional Broer-Kaup-Kupershmidt system nonlinear equation by exp-function method

In this work, we implement a relatively new analytical technique, the exp-function method, for solving nonlinear special form of generalized nonlinear (2 + 1) dimensional Broer-Kaup-Kupershmidt equation, which may contain high nonlinear terms. This method can be used as an alternative to obtain analytic and approximate solutions of different types of fractional differential equations which applied in engineering mathematics. Some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency and reliability of exp method. It is predicted that exp-function method can be found widely applicable in engineering.     

Pd(0)-Schiff-base@MCM-41 as high-efficient and reusable catalyst for C–C coupling reactions

A Pd-Schiff-base grafted on functionalized mesoporous MCM-41 (Pd(0)-Schiff-base@MCM-41) was prepared using a post-grafting procedure and used as a highly efficient and reusable nanostructural catalyst for the carbon–carbon cross-coupling reactions of various aryl halides (including aryl iodide, bromide and chloride) with sodium tetraphenyl borate, phenylboronic acid and butyl acrylate. This catalyst exhibits interesting reactivity through Heck and Suzuki reactions.