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31.
Experiments by Gittings, Bandyopadhyay and Durian (Europhys. Lett. 65, 414 (2004)) demonstrate that light possesses a higher probability to propagate in the liquid phase of a foam due to total
reflection. The authors term this observation photon channelling which we investigate in this article theoretically. We first
derive a central relation in the work of Gitting et al. without any free parameters. It links the photon's path-length fraction f in the liquid phase to the liquid fraction ɛ. We then construct two-dimensional Voronoi foams, replace the cell edges by
channels to represent the liquid films and simulate photon paths according to the laws of ray optics using transmission and
reflection coefficients from Fresnel's formulas. In an exact honeycomb foam, the photons show superdiffusive behavior. It
becomes diffusive as soon as disorder is introduced into the foams. The dependence of the diffusion constant on channel width
and refractive index is explained by a one-dimensional random-walk model. It contains a photon channelling state that is crucial
for the understanding of the numerical results. At the end, we shortly comment on the observation that photon channelling
only occurs in a finite range of ɛ. 相似文献
32.
Aitala EM Amato S Anjos JC Appel JA Ashery D Banerjee S Bediaga I Blaylock G Bracker SB Burchat PR Burnstein RA Carter T Carvalho HS Copty NK Cremaldi LM Darling C Denisenko K Devmal S Fernandez A Fox GF Gagnon P Gobel C Gounder K Halling AM Herrera G Hurvits G James C Kasper PA Kwan S Langs DC Leslie J Lundberg B Magnin J Massafferri A MayTal-Beck S Meadows B de Mello Neto JR Mihalcea D Milburn RH de Miranda JM Napier A Nguyen A d'Oliveira AB O'Shaughnessy K Peng KC Perera LP Purohit MV 《Physical review letters》2001,86(5):770-774
From a sample of 1172 +/- 61 D(+)-->pi(-)pi(+)pi(+) decays, we find gamma(D(+)-->pi(-)pi(+)pi(+))/gamma(D(+)-->K-pi(+)pi(+)) = 0.0311 +/- 0.0018(+0.0016)(-0.0026). Using a coherent amplitude analysis to fit the Dalitz plot of these decays, we find strong evidence that a scalar resonance of mass 478(+24)(-23) +/- 17 MeV/c(2) and width 324(+42)(-40) +/- 21 MeV/c(2) accounts for approximately half of all decays. 相似文献
33.
34.
L. Thomas und W. Appel 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1986,324(3-4):243
Ohne Zusammenfassung
Determination of blood components on dry reagent carriers with the Seralyzer system相似文献
35.
36.
S. Connell K. Bharuth-Ram H. Appel J. P. F. Sellschop M. Stemmet 《Hyperfine Interactions》1987,36(3-4):185-200
19F has been used to probe the structure of the diamond lattice. The measurements were performed via the time differential perturbed
angular distribution (TDPAD) technique applied to the 197 keV state (τ=128 ns,Q=0.10 b) of19F. The nuclei were excited and recoil implanted into an oriented diamond using a (p,p′γ) reaction initiated by a pulsed 4
MeV proton beam. Model functions simulating a variety of residence sites for the probe ions in a single crystal were developed
for the analysis of the data. The data implies the formation of two molecular types, or sites within the lattice, with possibly
a third radiation damage component. 相似文献
37.
38.
Aaltonen T Álvarez González B Amerio S Amidei D Anastassov A Annovi A Antos J Apollinari G Appel JA Apresyan A Arisawa T Artikov A Asaadi J Ashmanskas W Auerbach B Aurisano A Azfar F Badgett W Barbaro-Galtieri A Barnes VE Barnett BA Barria P Bartos P Bauce M Bauer G Bedeschi F Beecher D Behari S Bellettini G Bellinger J Benjamin D Beretvas A Bhatti A Binkley M Bisello D Bizjak I Bland KR Blocker C Blumenfeld B Bocci A Bodek A Bortoletto D Boudreau J Boveia A Brau B Brigliadori L Brisuda A 《Physical review letters》2011,107(3):031801
We present the results of a search for a very light CP-odd Higgs boson a(1)(0) originating from top quark decays t → H(±)b → W(±(*)) a(1)(0)b, and subsequently decaying into τ+ τ-. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.7 fb(-1) collected by the CDF II detector in pp collisions at 1.96 TeV, we perform a search for events containing a lepton, three or more jets, and an additional isolated track with transverse momentum in the range 3 to 20 GeV/c. Observed events are consistent with background sources, and 95% C.L. limits are set on the branching ratio of t → H(±)b for various masses of H(±) and a(1)(0). 相似文献
39.
Aaltonen T González BA Amerio S Amidei D Anastassov A Annovi A Antos J Apollinari G Appel JA Apresyan A Arisawa T Artikov A Asaadi J Ashmanskas W Auerbach B Aurisano A Azfar F Badgett W Barbaro-Galtieri A Barnes VE Barnett BA Barria P Bartos P Bauce M Bauer G Bedeschi F Beecher D Behari S Bellettini G Bellinger J Benjamin D Beretvas A Bhatti A Binkley M Bisello D Bizjak I Bland KR Blocker C Blumenfeld B Bocci A Bodek A Bortoletto D Boudreau J Boveia A Brau B Brigliadori L Brisuda A Bromberg C 《Physical review letters》2011,107(20):201802
We report the first observation of the baryonic flavor-changing neutral current decay Λ(b)(0)→Λμ(+)μ(-) with 24 signal events and a statistical significance of 5.8 Gaussian standard deviations. This measurement uses a pp collisions data sample corresponding to 6.8 fb(-1) at √s = 1.96 TeV collected by the CDF II detector at the Tevatron collider. The total and differential branching ratios for Λ(b)(0)→Λμ(+)μ(-) are measured. We find B(Λ(b)(0)→Λμ(+)μ(-))=[1.73 ± 0.42(stat) ± (syst)] × 10(-6). We also report the first measurement of the differential branching ratio of B(s)(0)→?μ(+)μ(-), using 49 signal events. In addition, we report branching ratios for B(+)→K(+)μ(+)μ(-), B(0)→K(0)μ(+)μ(-), and B→K(*)(892)μ(+)μ(-) decays. 相似文献
40.
Aaltonen T Álvarez González B Amerio S Amidei D Anastassov A Annovi A Antos J Apollinari G Appel JA Apresyan A Arisawa T Artikov A Asaadi J Ashmanskas W Auerbach B Aurisano A Azfar F Badgett W Barbaro-Galtieri A Barnes VE Barnett BA Barria P Bartos P Bauce M Bauer G Bedeschi F Beecher D Behari S Bellettini G Bellinger J Benjamin D Beretvas A Bhatti A Binkley M Bisello D Bizjak I Bland KR Blumenfeld B Bocci A Bodek A Bortoletto D Boudreau J Boveia A Brau B Brigliadori L Brisuda A Bromberg C 《Physical review letters》2011,106(17):171801
We report a study of the invariant mass distribution of jet pairs produced in association with a W boson using data collected with the CDF detector which correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.3 fb(-1). The observed distribution has an excess in the 120-160 GeV/c(2) mass range which is not described by current theoretical predictions within the statistical and systematic uncertainties. In this Letter, we report studies of the properties of this excess. 相似文献