Synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-6-carbohydrazides and 1H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine-7-carbohydrazides

The one-pot, multicomponent synthesis of imidazopyridine and pyridopyrimidine fused heterocyclic systems from readily available diamines, l,l-bis(methylthio)-2-nitroethene, cyanoacetohydrazide and aromatic aldehydes in good to high yields is described. This protocol has the advantages of simple work-up, mild reaction conditions, absence of catalyst and provides an entry point to fused heterocyclic structures.     

A Targeted Review of Current Progress,Challenges and Future Perspective of g-C3N4 based Hybrid Photocatalyst Toward Multidimensional Applications

The increasing demand for searching highly efficient and robust technologies in the context of sustainable energy production totally rely onto the cost-effective energy efficient production technologies. Solar power technology in this regard will perceived to be extensively employed in a variety of ways in the future ahead, in terms of the combustion of petroleum-based pollutants, CO₂ reduction, heterogeneous photocatalysis, as well as the formation of unlimited and sustainable hydrogen gas production. Semiconductor-based photocatalysis is regarded as potentially sustainable solution in this context. g-C₃N₄ is classified as non-metallic semiconductor to overcome this energy demand and enviromental challenges, because of its superior electronic configuration, which has a median band energy of around 2.7 eV, strong photocatalytic stability, and higher light performance. The photocatalytic performance of g-C₃N₄ is perceived to be inadequate, owing to its small surface area along with high rate of charge recombination. However, various synthetic strategies were applied in order to incorporate g-C₃N₄ with different guest materials to increase photocatalytic performance. After these fabrication approaches, the photocatalytic activity was enhanced owing to generation of photoinduced electrons and holes, by improving light absorption ability, and boosting surface area, which provides more space for photocatalytic reaction. In this review, various metals, non-metals, metals oxide, sulfides, and ferrites have been integrated with g-C₃N₄ to form mono, bimetallic, heterojunction, Z-scheme, and S-scheme-based materials for boosting performance. Also, different varieties of g-C₃N₄ were utilized for different aspects of photocatalytic application i. e., water reduction, water oxidation, CO₂ reduction, and photodegradation of dye pollutants, etc. As a consequence, we have assembled a summary of the latest g-C₃N₄ based materials, their uses in solar energy adaption, and proper management of the environment. This research will further well explain the detail of the mechanism of all these photocatalytic processes for the next steps, as well as the age number of new insights in order to overcome the current challenges.     

US FDA–validated TLC method with four greenness assessment evaluations for simultaneous determination of prednisolone and esomeprazole in spiked human plasma

Recently, prednisolone has been used in treating many medical conditions, such as autoimmune diseases and cancer. It is also prescribed to mitigate the respiratory complications caused by COVID-19 infection. It can cause some health complications, such as GIT ulcers, so it should be co-administered with proton-pump inhibitors, such as esomeprazole, to prevent the risk of ulcers. This work aims to develop an ecofriendly and sensitive TLC method for simultaneous determination of esomeprazole and prednisolone in their binary mixtures and spiked human plasma. Separation was performed using a mixture of ethyl acetate, methanol, and ammonia (9.5:0.5:0.1, v/v/v) as an eluting system with UV scanning at 245 nm. Dapoxetine was used as an internal standard to correct the variation during sampling. The resulting R_f values for plasma, esomeprazole, prednisolone, and dapoxetine were 0.03, 0.51, 0.72 and 0.85, respectively. Four greenness assessment tools—national environmental method index, eco-scale assessments, analytical greenness metric approach (AGREE), and green analytical procedure index (GAPI)—were used to evaluate the greenness characteristics of the proposed method to the environment, and the results were acceptable and satisfactory. Validation parameters were checked according to the US FDA guidelines to achieve the international requirements for bioanalytical method validation, and the results were within the accepted ranges.     

新疆北部干旱地区鼠类群落空间结构差异的比较研究

本文我们根据前人的研究并结合自己的调查,对新疆北部干旱地区鼠类群落空间结构差异进行了比较分析.结果表明,准噶尔盆地不同地区鼠类群落可划分为:高山草甸型、山地草原型、原生荒漠型、农田林地型和城市型等.一般高山草甸型以根田鼠为主;山地草原型以草原兔尾鼠、小林姬鼠、灰仓鼠为主;原生荒漠大沙鼠、子午沙鼠为主,梭梭荒漠型以大沙鼠,子午沙鼠为主,柽柳荒漠型以红尾沙鼠为主,跞石荒漠型以五趾跳鼠为主,荒漠草原型以五趾跳鼠、根田鼠为主,农田林地型以根田鼠、小家鼠、小林姬鼠、灰仓鼠为主;城市型以褐家鼠、小家鼠、灰仓鼠为主.同时发现,由于人类开垦经营,当地鼠类群落出现了由原始类型向人工环境的演变.褐家鼠是外来种,它已在不少地区占优势地位,成为当地主要的害鼠.