Synthesis of single isomers (E or Z) of unsaturated alcohols by the horner-wittig reaction

Single isomers ($\text{E}$ or $\text{Z}$) of homoallylic and higher alcohols can be synthesised from ω-hydroxyalkyldiphenylphosphine oxides and aldehydes, or from alkyldiphenylphosphine oxides and lactones     

Ergodic actions of compact groups on operator algebras

Summary We prove that the only ergodic actions ofSU(2) are on Type I von Neumann algebras, using the theory developed in [8].     

Synthesis,characterization, and thermal studies of cardanol-based polyphosphate esters

Polyphosphate esters were synthesized from derivatives of cardanol phosphorodichloridateates and dihydric phenols by interfacial polycondensation using a phase transfer catalyst. The polymers were characterized by IR, ¹H-, ¹³C-, and ³¹P-NMR spectroscopy, and GPC. The thermal stability and thermal degradation kinetics of the polymers were determined by thermogravimetry. The flammability of the polymers was evaluated by limiting oxygen index values. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A numerical study of heat and momentum transfer for tube bundles in crossflow

A numerical scheme is developed to predict the heat transfer and pressure drop coefficients in flow through rigid tube bundles. The scheme uses the Galerkin finite element technique. The conservation equations for laminar steady-state flow are cast in the form of streamfunction and vorticity equations. A Picard iteration method is used for the solution of the resulting system of non-linear algebraic equations. Results for the heat transfer and pressure drop coefficients are obtained for tube arrays of pitch ratios of 1·5 and 2·0. Very good agreement of the present results and experimental data obtained in the past is observed up to Reynolds numbers of 1000. It is also observed that the results of the present method show better agreement with the experimental data and that they are applicable for higher Reynolds numbers than results of other studies.     

Infrared spectra for a multi discipline spectroscopy system

Summary The infrared spectra quality requirements of the Spektrendatenbanken-Verbundsystem (SDVS) are reported with special reference to Expert System needs. Some of the potential benefits of the system are given. A Call for Spectra is made and the guidelines for submitting spectra to the database outlined.

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Infrarotspektren für ein multidisziplinäres Spektroskopie-System

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Dedicated to Prof. Dr. G. Tölg on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

Conjugative and homoconjugative effects in 2-heterobicyclo[3.2.1]octa-3,6-dienes

The ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and photoelectron spectra of a variety of 2-heterobicyclo[3.2.1]octa-3,6-dienes 6 give evidence of conjugative and homoeonjugative effects in these compounds, but there is no suggestion from the data of any special contribution from the (4n+2)π neutral bishomoaromatic system. Reaction of the dienes6 with TCNE invariably yielded the product of [2+2] addition in cases where a fully characterisable product was obtained.     

Induction of Wavelength-Dependent Photochemistry in Bilirubins by Serum Albumin

Summary.  Quantum yields for Z⇄E photoisomerization of the natural bi-chromophore bilirubin IXα in ammoniacal methanol solution were found to vary with excitation wavelength, whereas no variation (within experimental error) was observed for xanthobilirubic acid and for symmetrically substituted bilirubins (bilirubin IIIα, bilirubin XIIIα, and mesobilirubin XIIIα) in the same solvent. The quantum yield for Z⇄E photoisomerization of xanthobilirubic acid bound to human serum albumin was also invariant with excitation wavelength. In contrast, quantum yields for Z⇄E photoisomerization of the symmetrically-substituted bilirubins did show marked excitation wavelength dependency when they were bound to human serum albumin. These results show that quantum yields for Z⇄E photoisomerization of bilirubins are markedly sensitive to protein binding and to the nature of pyrrole ring β-substituents. They also demonstrate that wavelength-dependent photochemistry is characteristic of bilirubins with non-identical pyrromethenone chromophores, as expected from exciton coupling theory, and that complexation with albumin induces wavelength-dependent photochemistry in symmetrically substituted bilirubins. Received January 13, 1998. Accepted January 27, 1998