首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   592篇
  免费   13篇
化学   445篇
晶体学   3篇
力学   15篇
数学   82篇
物理学   60篇
  2023年   3篇
  2022年   12篇
  2021年   11篇
  2020年   11篇
  2019年   11篇
  2018年   5篇
  2017年   5篇
  2016年   12篇
  2015年   6篇
  2014年   21篇
  2013年   34篇
  2012年   46篇
  2011年   37篇
  2010年   25篇
  2009年   27篇
  2008年   30篇
  2007年   39篇
  2006年   42篇
  2005年   27篇
  2004年   26篇
  2003年   18篇
  2002年   26篇
  2001年   7篇
  2000年   9篇
  1999年   5篇
  1998年   6篇
  1997年   2篇
  1996年   4篇
  1995年   2篇
  1994年   5篇
  1993年   3篇
  1992年   2篇
  1991年   5篇
  1990年   2篇
  1989年   4篇
  1988年   6篇
  1987年   3篇
  1985年   4篇
  1984年   2篇
  1983年   8篇
  1982年   5篇
  1981年   3篇
  1976年   3篇
  1975年   2篇
  1955年   24篇
  1954年   2篇
  1933年   1篇
  1932年   1篇
  1913年   1篇
  1872年   1篇
排序方式: 共有605条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
511.
A new bicyclic system, 3,7-diazabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane, has been prepared from 3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-7,3-oxazabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane by reaction with sodium azide and reduction of the resulting tosyloxy azide with lithium aluminum hydride. The molecule can exist in four stereoisomeric half-chairs, depending on the configuration of the two nitrogen atoms. Half-chair ring reversal and piperidine nitrogen inversion are fast on the NMR time scale at all observed temperatures. Inversion of the secondary aziridine nitrogen becomes slow as the temperature is lowered (Tc= ?10°C). Complete analysis of the 1H spectrum was possible with the 1,5,5-trideuteriated analog. At slow exchange, two aziridine invertomers are present with an exo/endo ratio of approximately 0.7 in toluene-d8, 0.7 in CH2Cl2 and 1.7 in CHCl3/CH2Cl2. The free energy of activation for nitrogen inversion is 13.2 kcal mol?1 at ?10°C in CHCl3/CH2Cl2.  相似文献   
512.
Influence of the initiator and additional hydrophobic copolymer on the morphology of thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) microspheres, and their presumed application for the stabilization of biologically active molecules were evaluated in this study. Three different types of pNIPAM were synthesized, applying various components: PN1 is a polymer with terminal anionic groups resulting from potassium persulfate initiator; PN2 was synthesized with a 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride initiator introducing cationic amidine terminal groups; in the PN3 polymer, anionic terminals were implemented, however, increased hydrophobicity was maintained using N-tert-butyl functional groups. Turbidity measurements of the obtained dispersions confirmed specific thermosensitivity of synthesized microspheres in the range of 32–33°C. The polymerization course was proved by infrared spectroscopy and 1H NMR assessments, whereas the size of the synthesized microspheres, expressed as planar area, was evaluated by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM). The respective surface patterns of the freeze-dried microspheres were evaluated by SEM. Planar area of the synthesized macromolecules was in the range between 0.41–3.22 μm, depending on the substrates composition and the method applied for the measurements. The assessments performed in the dry stage gave higher values of the diameter and planar area of the observed microspheres. The measured diameter and planar area increased in the following order for the PN3 microspheres: DLS, OM, SEM. In the case of PN1 and PN2, the observed diameters were positioned as: DLS, SEM, OM. These differences were assigned both to varied intramolecular hydrophobic-hydrophilic interactions of the polymer chains and to the environment, i.e. low pressure in the SEM conditions and aqueous solvent in the DLS measurements. The observed gaps in the freeze-dried PN2 polymer resulted in an attempt to evaluate the application of this polymer for mechanical stabilization of certain macromolecules or nanocrystals in the size range between 10 nm and 20 nm.  相似文献   
513.
514.
515.
G. Jenner  J. Rimmelin  S. Libs  F. Antoni 《Tetrahedron》1976,32(10):1107-1111
The thermal cyclodimerization of acrolein with methyl vinyl ketone gives selectively only one substituted dihydropyran. The rate is only slightly sensitive to the nature of the solvent; however a slight decrease of the reaction rate with increasing solvent polarity was observed. Effects of high pressure give strong support for a one-step mechanism and the formation of a transition state more compact than the adduct.  相似文献   
516.
The UV spectra of the title compounds were interpreted as a result ofPPP-CI-1 calculations of excitation energies and oscillator strengths for the singlet—singlet transitions. A good agreement of the theoretical transitions with the experimental spectrum was found. A strong transannular effect was characteristic for thesyn isomers, the effect decreased in the order:syn-ring anthracenophane,syn-ring naphtalenophane,anti-ring naphthalenophane,anti-ring anthracenophane. Also the influence of a pseudo-substituent effect was found and discussed.  相似文献   
517.
The interplay between three important noncovalent interactions involving aromatic rings is studied by means of high level ab initio calculations. They demonstrate that very strong synergic effects are present in complexes where either cation–π or anion–π and π‐π interactions coexist. These strong synergic effects have been studied using the “atoms in molecules” theory and the physical nature of the interactions investigated by means of the molecular interaction potential with polarization (MIPp).  相似文献   
518.
An investigation into the use of high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for the differentiation of co-populated protein conformers has been conducted on the amyloidogenic protein beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m). Accumulation of beta(2)m in vivo can result in the deposition of insoluble fibrils whose formation is thought to originate from partially folded protein conformers; hence, the folding properties of beta(2)m are of significant interest. We have analysed beta(2)m using ESI-FAIMS-MS under a range of pH conditions and have studied the effect of the ion mobility spectrometry parameters on the behaviour of the various protein conformers. The data show that different protein conformers can be detected and analysed by ESI-FAIMS-MS, the results being consistent with observations of pH denaturation obtained using complementary biophysical techniques. A variant of beta(2)m with different folding characteristics has been analysed for comparison, and the distinctions observed in the data sets for the two proteins are consistent with their folding behaviour. ESI-FAIMS-MS offers significant opportunities for the study of the conformational properties of proteins and thus may present valuable insights into the roles that different conformers play in diseases related to protein folding.  相似文献   
519.
Isobaric vapor–liquid equilibria for the ternary system acetone + methanol + lithium nitrate have been measured at 100 kPa using a recirculating still. The addition of lithium nitrate to the solvent mixture produced an important salting-out effect and the azeotrope tended to disappear for small contents of salt. The experimental data sets were fitted with the electrolyte NRTL model and the parameters of the Mock's model were estimated. These parameters were used to predict the ternary vapor–liquid equilibrium which agreed well with the experimental one.  相似文献   
520.
The spreading of Si-Ca-Al-Ti-O glasses on molybdenum has been investigated. By controlling the oxygen activity in the furnace, spreading can take place under reactive or nonreactive conditions. As the nucleation of the reaction product under reactive conditions is slow in comparison to the spreading kinetics, in both cases the glass front moves on the metal surface with similar spreading velocities. Spreading can be described using a molecular dynamics model where the main contribution to the wetting activation energy comes from the viscous interactions in the liquid. Enhanced interfacial diffusions in low-oxygen activities (reactive cases) form triple-line ridges that can pin the wetting front and cause a stick-slip motion.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号