Modular amino alcohol ligands containing bulky alkyl groups as chiral controllers for Et2Zn addition to aldehydes: illustration of a design principle

A new family of enantiomerically pure (1S,2R)-1-alkyl-2-(dialkylamino)-3-(R-oxy)-1-propanols containing a very bulky alkyl substituent (tert-butyl or 1-adamantyl) on their hydrocarbon chains has been synthesized from the corresponding enantiopure epoxy alcohols, arising from the catalytic Sharpless epoxidation, by protection of the primary hydroxy group and subsequent regioselective ring opening of the epoxide by a secondary cyclic amine (C-2 attack). The performance of these amino alcohols as ligands for the catalytic enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde has been studied, with enantioselectivities of 92-96% being recorded. The best performing ligands, those with a bulky R-oxy group, also depict a convenient activity and selectivity profile in the addition of Et(2)Zn to a representative family of aldehydes. An anomalous structure/enantioselectivity relationship of some ligands in the tert-butyl series has been studied using PM3 calculations, and conclusions have been drawn on the possible effects of including in modular designs structural fragments giving rise to a variety of rotameric transition states.     

Lower Rim Substituted p-tert-Butyl Calix[4]arenes (V). Synthesis of New 5,11,17,22-tetrakis-p-tert-Butyl-25,27-bis(methoxy)- 26,28-bis(dialkoxyphosphorylmethoxy)calix[4]arenes and Cation Complexation Studies in Ion-Selective Membrane Electrodes

The synthesis and characterization of the lower rim bis-phosphorylatedtetrakis-p-tert-butyl-25,27-bis(methoxy)calix[4]arenas(compounds 2–4) is presented. The studied compounds were examined as ionophores in ion-selective membrane electrodes, showing selectivity for rubidium, potassium, and for the large and flat guanidinium cations (G⁺). The correlation wasstudied between the stereochemical structure of the ligands andpotentiometrically determined ion-selectivity. Complex formationconstants in the PVC/BEHS (bis(ethyl)hexyl sebacate) membranes weredetermined. The crystal and molecular structures of compound 4 have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction study.     

Decomposability of free Tarski algebras

In this paper we study the direct decomposability of free Tarski algebras. We show that infinite freely generated Tarski algebras are directly indecomposable, whereas finite freely generated Tarski algebras can only be decomposed into a direct product of two factors, one of which is the two-element Tarski algebra.     

An FDTD approach to the simulation of quantum-well infrared photodetectors

A Finite Difference Time Domain approach is used to design and to optimize quantum-well based infrared photodetectors. Results showing the influence of some parameters on the performance of these devices are presented and discussed.     

Neuer praktischer Apparat zur Entwickelung von Chlor

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Neuroprotection from NMDA excitotoxic lesion by Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene delivery to the postnatal rat brain by a modular protein vector

Background  

Superoxide mediated oxidative stress is a key neuropathologic mechanism in acute central nervous system injuries. We have analyzed the neuroprotective efficacy of the transient overexpression of antioxidant enzyme Cu/Zn Superoxide dismutase (SOD) after excitotoxic injury to the immature rat brain by using a recently constructed modular protein vector for non-viral gene delivery termed NLSCt. For this purpose, animals were injected with the NLSCt vector carrying the Cu/Zn SOD or the control GFP transgenes 2 hours after intracortical N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) administration, and daily functional evaluation was performed. Moreover, 3 days after, lesion volume, neuronal degeneration and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity were evaluated.     

Rheology and structure formation in diluted mixed particle-surfactant systems

In the present work, we focus on the bulk rheology of mixtures consisting of surfactant modified silica nanoparticles in water. Depending on the ratio of surfactant and nanoparticle concentrations, significant modifications in the measured rheology are evidenced. A domain where the dispersions behave like viscoelastic media is observed. Outside this domain, the dispersions exhibit viscous properties. The changes in the bulk rheology characteristics are discussed in terms of interaction effects between the surfactant and the particles. The results obtained are seen in the context of diluted emulsions' properties and characteristics.     

Deformable two-dimensional photonic crystal slab for cavity optomechanics

We have designed photonic crystal suspended membranes with optimized optical and mechanical properties for cavity optomechanics. Such resonators sustain vibration modes in the megahertz range with quality factors of a few thousand. Thanks to a two-dimensional square lattice of holes, their reflectivity at normal incidence at 1064?nm reaches values as high as 95%. These two features, combined with the very low mass of the membrane, open the way to the use of such periodic structures as deformable end mirrors in Fabry-Perot cavities for the investigation of cavity optomechanical effects.     

Bounded BCK‐algebras and their generated variety

In this paper we prove that the equational class generated by bounded BCK‐algebras is the variety generated by the class of finite simple bounded BCK‐algebras. To obtain these results we prove that every simple algebra in the equational class generated by bounded BCK‐algebras is also a relatively simple bounded BCK‐algebra. Moreover, we show that every simple bounded BCK‐algebra can be embedded into a simple integral commutative bounded residuated lattice. We extend our main results to some richer subreducts of the class of integral commutative bounded residuated lattices and to the involutive case. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)