Wavelength dependence of light-induced fading and free radical formation in azoreactive dyes

Light-induced stable free radicals (SFRs) were detected in azoreactive dyed cotton fabrics. Extremely slow photofading occurred under exposure to light of relatively long wavelength. The rate of photofading and SFR formation depend on the structure of the dye. Some of them show little drop in the rate of fading with the increasing wavelength, whereas others show nearly negligible changes under incident light of relatively long wavelength. In general a high rate of photofading was found when the SFR concentration was low.     

Fehlerquellen bei der polarographischen Bestimmung von Mikrogrammengen Uran (nach der Anreicherung aus festen Proben und Wässern)

Zusammenfassung An Hand zahlreicher Analysenergebnisse konnten die Fehlerquellen bei der polarographischen Bestimmung von Mikrogrammengen Uran aus festen und flüssigen Proben beurteilt werden. Durch weitere Experimente wurden Spuren der Schwermetalle W, Mo (bzw. Pt, V und Sn) als Ursache dieser Fehler erkannt, so daß eine Anpassung der analytischen Methoden möglich war.

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Summary On the basis of numerous analytical findings, the sources of error in the polarographic determination of microgram amounts of uranium from solid and liquid samples could be assessed. Further experiments showed that these errors were due to traces of the heavy metals W, Mo (or Pt, V, and Sn) so that it was possible to adjust the analytical methods.

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Résumé Ayant en main de nombreux résultats d'analyse, on a pu estimer les sources d'erreurs du dosage polarographique de quantités de l'ordre du microgramme d'uranium sur des prises d'essai solides et liquides. Grâce à d'autres expériences, on a pu reconnaître la cause de ces erreurs comme étant due à des traces de métaux lourds: W, Mo (ou encore Pt, V et Sn), ce qui a rendu possible une adaptation des méthodes analytiques.

     

Dielectric Spectroscopy of Ferronematics Based on 6CHBT Liquid Crystal

In our study, the dielectric behaviour of the rod-like liquid crystal (6CHBT) doped with magnetic nanoparticles of spherical shape was investigated by means of dielectric spectroscopy in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 2 MHz. A low frequency dielectric dispersion in the nematic and isotropic phases of the pure liquid crystal (LC) has been assigned to the space charge polarization. After doping the host LC with the magnetic nano particles, a nearly Debye-like relaxation process was observed with the temperature dependence obeying the Arrhenius law. Considering a possible electric double layer formation on the particle surfaces, the detected relaxation process in the doped LC can be associated with the electric double layer polarization. The experimental results point out that in the measured frequency range the space charge and interfacial effects constitute the main dielectric response. Any anchoring effects were not observed and are therefore expected to appear in higher frequencies.     

Achiral bent-core azo compounds: observation of photoinduced effects in an antiferroelectric tilted smectic mesophase

We report the synthesis and physical properties of four novel bent-core compounds, containing an azo linkage and alkyl terminal chains. It is found that, except for the lowest homologue, all the materials are liquid crystalline, exhibiting columnar or tilted polar smectic phases. In one of the compounds a reversible photoinduced variation of the spontaneous polarization of the antiferroelectric state was observed.     

On the qunatum theory of the emission of secondary ions

A new quantum mechanical model is proposed for secondary ions sputtered from metals.     

Infinite volume limit of the Abelian sandpile model in dimensions d ≥ 3

We study the Abelian sandpile model on . In d ≥ 3 we prove existence of the infinite volume addition operator, almost surely with respect to the infinite volume limit μ of the uniform measures on recurrent configurations. We prove the existence of a Markov process with stationary measure μ, and study ergodic properties of this process. The main techniques we use are a connection between the statistics of waves and uniform two-component spanning trees and results on the uniform spanning forest measure on .      

Fully On-Line Hyphenation of an Experimental OPLC Separation Unit with Diode-Array Detection and Mass-Spectrometry (OPLC-DAD-MS) for Analysis of Xanthine Compounds

JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - The newly developed experimental OPLC separation unit 100 (OSU 100) has been used for fully on-line multiple hyphenation using the...     

Combined ESR and thermodynamic studies of the superoxide adduct of 5-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DEPMPO): hindered rotation around the O-O bond evidenced by two-dimensional simulation of temperature-dependent spectra

Experiments were performed to elucidate the origin of the superhyperfine structure and line width alternation (LWA) seen in the ESR spectrum of the major diastereoisomer (1) of DEPMPO-OOH, the remarkably persistent superoxide adduct of 5-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DEPMPO). Using selectively deuterated DEPMPO derivatives, we demonstrated that the superhyperfine pattern can be unambiguously attributed to long-range couplings. The recording in pyridine of highly resolved spectra in a wide temperature range, combined with two-dimensional simulation, allowed us to characterize an inverted LWA in 1 and revealed a uniform line broadening in the spectrum of the minor DEPMPO-OOH diastereoisomer (2), with both effects originating from a chemical exchange between conformers. When the individual spectra of 1 presenting LWA in the fast-exchange regime were simulated, four equally good fits were obtained and this ambiguity could be resolved by using a two-dimensional simulation technique. The thermodynamic and kinetic constants of this exchange were consistent with a rotation around the O-O bond. We propose that line broadening effects in 1 and 2 result from this O-O rotation concerted with the pseudo-rotation of the pyrrolidine ring.     

Methods for the determination of anionic surfactants

Methods for the determination of synthetic anionic surfactants published in the past two decades are considered, and their advantages and disadvantages are demonstrated. Spectrophotometric and potentiometric (with the use of ion-selective electrodes) techniques, including flow injection analysis versions, are used for the determination of anionic surfactants. Chromatographic techniques (primarily, high-performance liquid chromatography) are most frequently used for the separation, preconcentration, and determination of anionic surfactants in complex mixtures. Spectrofluorimetry, voltammetry, and immunoassay did not find wide application.     

Methode zur Anreicherung von Thorium aus salpetersaurer ?thylalkoholischer L?sung am stark basischen Anionenaustauscher Dowex-1

Zusammmenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine Methode zur Anreicherung des Thoriums aus salpetersaurer äthanolhaltiger Lösung am stark basischen Anionenaustauscher Dowex-1 (Nitratform) beschrieben. Das Thorium wird zum Unterschied von den meisten anderen praktisch in Frage kommenden Elementen als negativ geladener Nitratkomplex aus 0,7 n salpetersaurer 80% Äthanol enthaltender Lösung am Ionenaustauscher sorbiert. Nach dem Waschen des Harzes mit einer der Sorptionslösung analog zusammengesetzten Lösung wird das Thorium mit 0,1 n Salpetersäure eluiert und nach dem Eindampfen des Eluats spektrophotometrisch mittels Thoronol als Reagens bestimmt. Bei der Anwendung dieser Methode auf Silicatgesteine werden ebenso gute Resultate wie mit anderen Methoden erzielt.Wir danken Herrn Prof. Dr. F. Hecht für seine Hilfe, die für das Zustandekommen dieser Arbeit von großem Nutzen war.