On the Weak Order of Orthogonal Groups

A complete lattice structure is defined on the underlying set of the orthogonal group of a real Euclidean space, by a construction analogous to that of the weak order of Coxeter systems in terms of root systems. This produces a complete rootoid in the sense of Dyer, with the orthogonal group as underlying group. It is shown that this complete lattice has a saturation property which is used along with other properties of the lattice to characterize the maximal totally ordered subsets of the lattice as collections of initial sections with respect to a total ordering on the positive roots.     

The low temperature magnetic phase diagram of EuxSr1−xTiO3

Specific heat and magnetization measurements demonstrate that the antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase transition at T _N  = 5.7 K of EuTiO₃ is rapidly suppressed with Sr doping in Eu _x Sr_1?x TiO₃. Close to x = 0.25, T _N  = 0 K and AFM order vanishes. Above this critical concentration a finite transition temperature to an AFM phase is observed. The exchange couplings are derived as a function of x and the corresponding low temperature phase diagram is presented.     

Convex Geometries on Root Systems

This article investigates several convex closure operators on a finite root system. It is shown that a natural closure operator on the positive root system of a finite Weyl group satisfies the anti-exchange condition for all root systems except type F ₄.     

Atomic‐Scale Observation of the Metal–Promoter Interaction in Rh‐Based Syngas‐Upgrading Catalysts

The direct conversion of syngas to ethanol, typically using promoted Rh catalysts, is a cornerstone reaction in CO₂ utilization and hydrogen storage technologies. A rational catalyst development requires a detailed structural understanding of the activated catalyst and the role of promoters in driving chemoselectivity. Herein, we report a comprehensive atomic‐scale study of metal–promoter interactions in silica‐supported Rh, Rh–Mn, and Rh–Mn–Fe catalysts by aberration‐corrected (AC) TEM. While the catalytic reaction leads to the formation of a Rh carbide phase in the Rh–Mn/SiO₂ catalyst, the addition of Fe results in the formation of bimetallic Rh–Fe alloys, which further improves the selectivity and prevents the carbide formation. In all promoted catalysts, Mn is present as an oxide decorating the metal particles. Based on the atomic insight obtained, structural and electronic modifications induced by promoters are revealed and a basis for refined theoretical models is provided.     

Sensitive detection of hydroxymethylcytosine levels in normal and neoplastic cells and tissues

A new sensitive analytical method using capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence (CE‐LIF) was applied for the simultaneous detection of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation levels in human cancers of different origin. DNA hydroxymethylation, measured as 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) levels, was decreased in gliomas with mutation in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene when compared to IDH1‐wildtype gliomas. Independent from IDH1 mutation, 5hmC levels were decreased in lung carcinomas when compared to normal lung tissue. Reduced DNA hydroxymethylation was also observed upon dedifferentiation in cultured murine embryonic fibroblasts. Our data show that reduced DNA hydroxymethylation is related to cellular dedifferentiation and can be detected in various types of cancers, independent from the IDH1 mutation status. Quantitative determination of altered 5hmC levels may therefore have potential as a biomarker linked to cellular differentiation and tumorigenesis.     

Synthese und spektroskopische Charakterisierung einiger Pentacarbonylwolfram(0)-Komplexe mit verschiedenen 1H-Phosphiren-Liganden,Kristallstrukturen von,und

Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of some Pentacarbonyltungsten(0) Complexes with Various 1H-Phosphirene Ligands: Crystal Structures of , and The tungsten(0) complex 1 reacts upon heating with acetylene derivatives 2a–f in toluene to form benzonitrile and the complexes 4a–f ( 4a : R¹ ? Ph, R² ? H; 4b : R¹ ? Ph, R² ? CH₃; 4c : R¹ ? OEt, R² ? H; 4d : R¹ ? Ph, R² ? CO₂Et; 4e : R¹, R² ? CO₂Me; 4f : R¹, R² ? SiMe₃), which have been isolated by chromatography. Spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data are discussed. The crystal structures of the compounds 4a, b and d were determined by X-ray single crystal structure analysis ( 4a : space group P2₁/n, Z = 4, a = 937,5(2) pm, b = 2202,4(6) pm, c = 1266,3(4) pm, β = 108,94(4)°; 4b : space group P2₁/c, Z = 4, a = 1293,9(2) pm, b = 923,5(1) pm, c = 2223,4(3) pm, β = 92,385(6)°; 4d : space group P2₁/c, Z = 4, a = 955,2(2) pm, b = 3190,9(4) pm, c = 930,7(2) pm, β = 99,64(1)°).     

Covalent modification of a metal-organic framework with isocyanates: probing substrate scope and reactivity

Isoreticular metal-organic framework-3 (IRMOF-3) has been postsynthetically modified with isocyanates to generate unprecedented, microporous urea-functionalized frameworks.     

Capillary electrophoresis-based immunoassays: principles and quantitative applications

The use of CE as a tool to conduct immunoassays has been an area of increasing interest over the last decade. This approach combines the efficiency, small sample requirements, and relatively high speed of CE with the selectivity of antibodies as binding agents. This review examines the various assay formats and detection modes that have been reported for these assays, along with some representative applications. Most CE immunoassays in the past have employed homogeneous methods in which the sample and reagents are allowed to react in solution. These homogeneous methods have been conducted as both competitive binding immunoassays and as noncompetitive binding immunoassays. Fluorescent labels are most commonly used for detection in these assays, but enzyme labels have also been utilized for such work. Some additional work has been performed in CE immunoassays with heterogeneous methods in which either antibodies or an analog of the analyte is immobilized to a solid support. These heterogeneous methods can be used for the selective isolation of analytes prior to their separation by CE or to remove a given species from a sample/reagent mixture prior to analysis by CE. These CE immunoassays can be used with a variety of detection modes, such as fluorescence, UV/Vis absorbance, chemiluminescence, electrochemical measurements, MS, and surface plasmon resonance.