Evaluation of low-dose irradiation on microbiological quality of white carrots and string beans

The minimally processed food provided the consumer with a product quality, safety and practicality. However, minimal processing of food does not reduce pathogenic population of microorganisms to safe levels. Ionizing radiation used in low doses is effective to maintain the quality of food, reducing the microbiological load but rather compromising the nutritional values and sensory property. The association of minimal processing with irradiation could improve the quality and safety of product. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of low-doses of ionizing radiation on the reduction of microorganisms in minimally processed foods. The results show that the ionizing radiation of minimally processed vegetables could decontaminate them without several changes in its properties.     

Quinolin‐6‐ol at 100 K

The title compound, C₉H₇NO, has two symmetry‐independent molecules in the asymmetric unit, which have different conformations of the hydroxy group with respect to the quinoline ring. One of the molecules adopts a cis conformation, while the other shows a trans conformation. Each type of independent molecule links into a separate infinite O—H...N hydrogen‐bonded chain with the graph‐set notation C(7). These chains are perpendicular in the unit cell, one extended in the a‐axis direction and the other in the b‐axis direction. There is also a weak C—H...O hydrogen bond with graph‐set notation D(2), which runs in the c‐axis direction and joins the two separate O—H...N chains. The significance of this study lies in the comparison drawn between the experimental and calculated data of the crystal structure of the title compound and the data of several other derivatives possessing the hydroxy group or the quinoline ring. The correlation between the IR spectrum of this compound and the hydrogen‐bond energy is also discussed.     

Zn(OTf)2-catalyzed,microwave-promoted synthesis of 2-substituted 5-methyloxazoles from propargylic amides

The versatile conversion of propargylic amides to the respective 2-substituted 5-methyloxazoles was efficiently catalyzed by Zn(OTf)₂ (5?mol%) under microwave irradiation in toluene. The method was applicable to a wide range of aliphatic, aromatic and heteroaromatic propargylic amides and thus represents a useful method which is complementary to the existing metal-catalyzed protocols, considering the ready availability of Zn(OTf)₂.     

A Rational Design of Catechol‐Based Compounds: An Experimental and Theoretical Study of Optical Properties

Finely tuned optical properties : The optical properties of substituted protected catechol derivatives can be fine‐tuned (see scheme; TBDMS=tert‐butyldimethylsilyloxy). The DFT‐calculated polarisabilities are compared with experimental data.

     

Electronic Structure and Redox Properties of Metal Nitride Endohedral Fullerenes M3N@C2n (M=Sc,Y, La,and Gd; 2n=80, 84, 88, 92, 96)

An extensive study of the redox properties of metal nitride endohedral fullerenes (MNEFs) based on DFT computational calculations has been performed. The electronic structure of the singly oxidized and reduced MNEFs has been thoroughly analyzed and the first anodic and cathodic potentials, as well as the electrochemical gaps, have been predicted for a large number of M₃N@C_2n systems (M=Sc, Y, La, and Gd; 2n=80, 84, 88, 92, and 96). In particular, calculations that include thermal and entropic effects correctly predict the different anodic behavior of the two isomers (I_h and D_5h) of Sc₃N@C₈₀, which is the basis for their electrochemical separation. Important differences were found in the electronic structure of reduced M₃N@C₈₀ when M=Sc or when M is a more electropositive metal, such as Y or Gd. Moreover, the changes in the electrochemical gaps within the Gd₃N@C_2n series (2n=80, 84, and 88) have been rationalized and the use of Y‐based computational models to study the Gd‐based systems has been justified. The redox properties of the largest MNEFs characterized so far, La₃N@C_2n (2n=92 and 96), were also correctly predicted. Finally, the quality of these predictions and their usefulness in distinguishing the carbon cages for MNEFs with unknown structures is discussed.     

Fluorescent Polyurethane Nanocapsules Prepared via Inverse Miniemulsion: Surface Functionalization for Use as Biocarriers

The functionalization of well‐defined PU nanocapsules with an aqueous core prepared by performing a polyaddition at the interface of inverse (water‐in‐oil) miniemulsion droplets is demonstrated. The miniemulsion technique involving the nanoreactor concept allows one to obtain an encapsulation efficiency as high as 90% within the nanocapsules. A pH independent fluorescent dye is used as a model system for the aqueous core. By varying the molar ratio of the diol to the diisocyanate at a fixed surfactant concentration, the shell thickness of the nanocapsules can be finely tuned. The carboxy‐ and amino‐functionalized surface of the nanocapsules can be tailored by an in‐situ carboxymethylation reaction and by physical adsorption of a cationic polyelectrolyte, i.e. PAEMA or PEI. The increased uptake of amino‐functionalized fluorescent nanocapsules by HeLa cells clearly demonstrates the potential of the functionalized nanocapsules to be successfully exploited as biocarriers.

     

Manganese(II) Complexes with Bridging Selenidoarsenate(III) Anions [AsSe2(Se2)]3− and [(AsSe2)2(μ‐Se2)]4−

Solvothermal reaction of [MnCl₂(terpy)] with elemental As and Se at a 1:1:2 molar ratio in H₂O/trien (10:1) at 150 °C affords the linear trimanganese(II) complex [{Mn(terpy)}₃(μ‐AsSe₄)₂] ( 1 ). The tridentate [AsSe₂(Se₂)]^3? anions of 1 chelate the terminal {Mn(terpy)}²⁺ fragments and bridge these through their remaining Se atom to the central {Mn(terpy)}²⁺ moiety. Weak interactions of Mn1···Se and Mn3···Se bonds with length 2.914(7) and 3.000(7) Å link the molecules of 1 into infinite chains. Treatment of [MnCl₂(cyclam)]Cl with As and Se at a 1:1:2 molar ratio in superheated H₂O/CH₃OH (1:1) at 150 °C yields the dinuclear complex [{Mn(cyclam)}₂ (μ‐As₂Se₆)] ( 2 ), whose novel [(AsSe₂)₂(μ‐Se₂)]^4? ligands bridge the Mn^II atoms in a μ‐1κ²Se¹, Se²: 2κ²Se⁵,Se⁶ manner.     

Inter-hydrogen bond dynamical coupling effects in polarized IR spectra of N-methylacetamide single crystals

This article presents the investigation results of polarized IR spectra of the hydrogen bond in N-methylacetamide (NMA) crystals measured in the frequency range of the proton and deuteron stretching vibration bands, ν_N–H and ν_N–D. A similar study was also performed for crystals of the deuterium isotopomers of the compound, D₇-NMA (CD₃CONDCD₃) and D₆-NMA (CD₃CONHCD₃). On the basis of the analysis of the linear dichroic and temperature effects, the two-branch structure of the ν_N–H bands in the spectra was ascribed to centrosymmetric hydrogen bond pairs in the lattice. Each hydrogen bond in such a dimeric system belonged to another chain of the associated molecules. The exciton interactions involving the dimer hydrogen bonds were considered to be responsible for the band shape generation. For the deuterium-bonded crystals the exciton interactions were found to be weaker since the ν_N–D bands were less split. Within an individual hydrogen or deuterium bond chain the in-chain exciton couplings involving hydrogen bonds were estimated as considerably weaker than the inter-chain ones. The exciton dilution retains the two-branch fine structure pattern of the “residual” ν_N–H and ν_N–D bands. This means that the inter-chain couplings involving hydrogen bonds do not change, when the in-chain couplings vanish. These results are the evidence of the influence of non-conventional co-operative interactions occurring in the hydrogen bond systems on the spectra. These co-operative interactions are responsible for the non-random distribution of the hydrogen isotope atoms in the hydrogen bridge lattices, namely for the grouping of identical hydrogen isotope atoms in the dimers. The proposed interpretation of the IR spectra of the hydrogen bond in N-methylacetamide (NMA) crystals casts light on the spectra generation mechanisms and gives a new meaning to the traditional nomenclature applied for describing the ν_N–H band structure pattern in IR spectra of amides.     

The synthesis of (4S,5S)-(−)-isocytoxazone

(4S,5S)-(?)-Isocytoxazone, which is needed for a configurational study, was synthesized from the commercially available (1S,2S)-(+)-2-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3-propanediol in which the p-nitro substituent was replaced by a p-methoxyl group; the thus prepared p-methoxyphenyl amino diol was cyclized via an N-Boc derivative.