Non-abelian electrodynamics and the vacuumB (3)

By using an 0(3) gauge group, a non-Abelian theory of vacuum electrodynamics is developed in which the newly discovered longitudinal vacuum fieldsB ⁽³⁾ andi E ⁽³⁾ appear self-consistently with the usual plane wavesB ⁽¹⁾,B ⁽²⁾,E ⁽¹⁾, andE ⁽²⁾ in the circular basis (1), (2), (3), a complex representation of space. Using the charge quantization condition the vacuum Maxwell equations are given in the non-Abelian representation.     

Unification of electromagnetism and gravitation: The equations of electrodynamics derived from the Riemann tensor in general relativity

The equations of free-space electrodynamics are derived directly from the Riemann curvature tensor and the Bianchi identity of general relativity by contracting on two indices to give a novel antisymmetric Ricci tensor. Within a factore/h, this is the field-strength tensor G of free-space electrodynamics. The Bianchi identity for G describes free-space electrodynamics in a manner analogous to, but more general than, Maxwell's equations for electrodynamics, the critical difference being the existence in general and special relativity of the Evans-Vigier fieldB ⁽³⁾.     

Experimental analysis of metal coated dielectric waveguides

This paper concerns the experimental characteristics of metal coated dielectric waveguides with a rectangular surface corrugation. Waveguide are designed to operate at a second Bragg frequency of 90 GHz. The period, height and the duty cycle of a rectangular grating were calculated using the chosen frequency. A metallic layer of aluminum is sputtered on one side of the slab waveguide. The purpose of the metallic layer is to simulate a layer of high density plasma on the surface of the waveguide similar to that obtained by optical excitation of semiconductor structures. Experiments were performed to examine the far field radiation pattern, attenuation constant and the dispersion relation. Due to the presence of the plasma layer there will be an angular shift in the far field radiation pattern. We have observed angular shifts of about 20 in the radiation pattern of the waveguide before and after coating. Measurements are made in the frequency range of 88–95 GHz. This waveguide structure can be used to design an electronically steerable antenna and an electronic phase shifter operating in the millimeter-wave frequency band.Supported in part by the Army Research Office.     

Di-2-pyridylketone semicarbazone as ligand in metal complexes: synthesis and X-ray crystal structure

A series of complexes of di-2-pyridylketone semicarbazone (Hdips) and Mn(II), Co(II), Co(III), Ni(II) and Cu(II) nitrates were synthesized and characterized by means of IR spectroscopy and for cobalt and nickel by X-ray crystal structures. The results are in agreement with the formulae: Mn(Hdips)₂(NO₃)₂·2H₂O, [Co(Hdips)₂](NO₃)₂·H₂O (I), [Ni(Hdips)₂](NO₃)₂·H₂O (II), Cu(Hdips)(NO₃)₂·2H₂O, [Co(dips)₂](NO₃)·2H₂O (III). The structure of I and II are monoclinic, space groupP2₁/c, with, I,a=15.980(4),b=11.531(2),c=16.170(2)Å;=104.20(2)°,Z=4,R=0.032; II,a=16.109(5),b=11.480(3),c=16.135(6)Å;=104.15(2)°,Z=4,R=0.069. Compound III is also monoclinic, space groupP2₁/c witha=12.173(5),b=15.619(5),c=15.338(8)Å;=111.40(4)°,Z=4,R=0.059. In these complexes the ligand is tridentate via carbonylic oxygen, semicarbazone and pyridine nitrogens forming each two five membered chelate rings with the metal in a distorted octahedral geometry.