Facile synthesis of gemini surface-active ATRP initiator and its use in soap-free AGET ATRP mini-emulsion polymerisation

A novel cationic gemini surfactant has been readily synthesised in 70 % total yield. The functional gemini surfactant can act both as an emulsifier and an atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) initiator in mini-emulsion polymerisation of methyl methacrylate (MMA), in which no other emulsifier was required. 1-(Dimethylamino)dodecane (N,N-dimethyldodecylamine, DMDA) was found to be a good ligand in the activator generated by electron transfer (AGET) ATRP reaction. Kinetic studies indicated that the polymerisation featured controlled/living radical polymerisation.     

Simultaneous determination of cyromazine,melamine and their biodegradation products by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography

An ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection method for the determination of cyromazine, melamine and its biodegradation products (ammeline, ammelide, cyanuric acid and biuret) was developed. C18 column was utilised to separate the six analytes with a mobile phase consisting of perchloric acid-ammonia solution and acetonitrile, under gradient elution and variable flow rate. The detection wavelengths were 205 nm for cyanuric acid and biuret and 222 nm for cyromazine, melamine, ammeline and ammelide. For analysis of sediment samples, the extraction solution containing acetonitrile, ammonia and water (80:10:10 by volume) was used to extract the analytes from sediment matrix. Using the extraction method for the spiked sediment sample, high linearity of matrix-matched standard curve could be obtained for the six analytes. The method detection limit was 0.1 μg g^?1 for melamine and cyromazine, 0.2 μg g^?1 for ammeline and ammelide, 1.2 μg g^?1 for cyanuric acid and 1.0 μg g^?1 for biuret in sediment matrix. The recoveries of these compounds were 70.1–98.3% and the relative standard deviations were 0.5–4.4%. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of the sediment sample near the wastewater outlet of a melamine-producing factory.     

Fabrication of ZIF‐8@SiO2 Core–Shell Microspheres as the Stationary Phase for High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography

The unique features of high porosity, shape selectivity, and multiple active sites make metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) promising as novel stationary phases for high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, the wide particle size distribution and irregular shape of conventional MOFs lead to lower column efficiency of such MOF‐packed columns. Herein, the fabrication of monodisperse MOF@SiO₂ core–shell microspheres as the stationary phase for HPLC to overcome the above‐mentioned problems is reported. Zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 (ZIF‐8) was used as an example of MOFs due to its permanent porosity, uniform pore size, and exceptional chemical stability. Unique carboxyl‐modified silica spheres were used as the support to grow the ZIF‐8 shell. The fabricated monodisperse ZIF‐8@SiO₂ packed columns (5 cm long × 4.6 mm i.d.) show high column efficiency (23 000 plates m^?1 for bisphenol A) for the HPLC separation of endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (bisphenol A, β‐estradiol, and p‐(tert‐octyl)phenol) and pesticides (thiamethoxam, hexaflumuron, chlorantraniliprole, and pymetrozine) within 7 min with good relative standard deviations for 11 replicate separations of the analytes (0.01–0.39, 0.65–1.7, 0.70–1.3, and 0.17–0.91 % for retention time, peak area, peak height, and half peak width, respectively). The ZIF‐8@SiO₂ microspheres combine the advantages of the good column packing properties of the uniform monodisperse silica microspheres and the separation ability of the ZIF‐8 crystals.     

六水合三氯化铁催化3-甲基环己酮与丙酮酸乙酯交叉羟醛缩合制备薄荷内酯

用FeCl3·6H2O催化3-甲基环己酮与丙酮酸乙酯交叉羟醛缩合,制得2-(2-氧代-4-甲基环己叉基)丙酸乙酯和7a-羟基薄荷内酯,皂化后用硼氢化钠还原、酸化制得(±)-薄荷内酯,产率为51%。考察了3-甲基环己酮的烯醇式异构化的位置选择性和粗产物中(±)-薄荷内酯与(±)-异薄荷内酯异构体的比例。     

建筑用梳形共聚物分散剂溶液行为的光散射研究

采用激光光散射研究了一种主链为聚丙烯酸侧链为聚乙二醇的梳形共聚物分散剂的一些溶液行为.从静态光散射得出了较为合理的表观重均分子量、均方旋转半径等参数.动态光散射给出了流体力学半径分布及其角度和浓度依赖性.结合静态和动态光散射,上述梳形共聚物分散剂在溶液中的构象也得到初步的表征.通过与描述梳形聚合物的Gay-Raphae模型进行比较表明,这类梳形共聚物溶液在低盐离子和低pH值条件下存在聚集行为,形成以PAA主链为核PEG为壳层的类胶束聚集.     

基于Diels-Alder点击反应构建壳聚糖-O-聚乙二醇接枝共聚物

通过Diels-Alder(D-A)反应,合成了具有规整化学结构的接枝共聚物,壳聚糖-O-聚乙二醇(CS-O-PEG).D-A反应所需双烯体(呋喃环)通过糠基硫醇与端甲基丙烯酸酯聚乙二醇之间的巯基-丙烯酸酯(thio-acrylate)反应合成得到;马来酰亚胺基丙酸通过活泼酯法偶联到十二烷基硫酸钠-壳聚糖复合物(SCC)羟基上,从而获得亲双烯体.采用红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振(1H-NMR)表征了中间产物与最终产物的结构,并用原位核磁监测D-A反应及其逆反应过程.结果表明,聚乙二醇双烯体可在水介质中温和条件下定量接枝到壳聚糖羟基上,反应具有点击特征;同时,聚乙二醇与壳聚糖之间的连接键在高温下(90℃)可通过D-A逆反应而发生断裂.     

仿细胞外层膜结构修饰交联壳聚糖的研究

采用溶液自由基聚合,合成甲基丙烯酰氧乙基磷酰胆碱(MPC)-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅(TSMA)二元共聚物(PMT82),将其涂覆在戊二醛交联壳聚糖(CS-GA)表面,通过三乙胺蒸汽催化处理获得具有仿细胞外层膜结构(CS-GA-PMT82b)的表面.用动态接触角(DCA)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)对改性后交联壳聚糖表面的亲疏水性、元素组成等进行表征,并通过血小板黏附实验对其抗凝血性进行评价.研究结果表明,这种利用涂覆催化交联的方式将含有三甲氧基硅可交联基团的磷酰胆碱聚合物交联固定在壳聚糖表面,获得了较为稳定的仿细胞外层膜结构的CS-GA-PMT82b涂层表面.与壳聚糖相比,改性后壳聚糖的血小板黏附显著减少,抗凝血性能显著提高.这种改善材料的方式有望成为生物医用材料表面改性领域的有效的新手段.     

活性炭基软包装超级电容器用有机电解液

使用了一种新型的有机电解液(三乙基甲基四氟硼酸铵/(丙烯碳酸酯+乙腈): MeEt₃NBF₄/(AN+PC))和两种传统有机电解液(四乙基四氟硼酸铵/丙烯碳酸酯(Et₄NBF₄/AN)和四乙基四氟硼酸/乙腈(Et₄NBF₄/PC)), 制作成活性炭(AC)基软包装超级电容器. 在不同电压窗口下对新型有机电解液的循环伏安和电化学阻抗谱进行了表征, 并在0-3 V的电压窗口下, 通过循环伏安、电化学阻抗谱、恒流充放电、漏电流、自放电、循环寿命和库仑效率, 对以上三种电解液进行了综合的比较. 结果表明, 新型有机电解液综合了AN和PC各自的优点, 性能优异.     

基于CA和LS-SVM的TE过程多模型建模

针对TE化工过程高度非线性、复杂性的特点,本文提出了一种基于相关分析和最小二乘支持向量机对TE过程进行多模型建模方法,以提高模型性能。首先对TE过程采用相关分析法划分为3个子系统,对每个子系统分别采用基于C-均值聚类的最小二乘支持向量机建模和基于k均值聚类的最小二乘支持向量机多模型建模。实验表明,基于K-均值聚类的多模型建模能简化计算、提高模型精度、并且能更好的预测模型输出。