Iron Oxide Supported on Al2O3 Catalyst for Methane Decomposition Reaction: Effect of MgO Additive and Calcination Temperature

Production of hydrogen is a challenging task and have significant impact in the recent scenario. The alumina supported iron oxide nanoparticle synthesized using non‐ionic surfactant Triton‐X was found very effective for steady production of hydrogen through methane decomposition reaction. The high surface area, easily reducible catalyst calcined at 500 °C and 800 °C temperature showed steady activity towards methane decomposition reaction. At a higher reaction temperature there was catalyst deactivation. The doping of MgO facilitated particle growth rendering the poor catalytic activity. The TPR study showed that reducibility of TPR was difficult in presence of MgO additive. The formation of Fe? Mg? Al solid solution confirmed by XRD study was found mainly responsible for the lower catalytic activity. The bamboo‐shaped carbon nanotube formed from 20 % Fe/Al₂O₃ catalyst which is mainly because of the poor wetting property of quasi‐liquid metal and carbon nanotube.     

Synthesis of polyheterocyclic compounds derived from 6-amino- 4-aryl-2-r-4h-furo[2,3-<Emphasis Type="Italic">b</Emphasis>]pyran-5-carbonitriles

Syntheses were developed for 4-aryl-6-ethoxy-2-R-furo[2,3-b]pyridine-5-carbonitriles and ethyl esters of 5-amino-4-aryl-7-methyl-2-R-1,9-dioxa-8-azacyclopenta[b]naphthalene-6-carboxylic acids based on the reaction of 6-amino-4-aryl-2-R-4H-furo[2,3-b]pyran-5-carbonitriles with ethyl acetoacetate and nucleophilic recyclization. The mechanisms of these reactions are considered.     

双金属镍-锰／γ-Al2O3催化剂对甲烷二氧化碳重整反应的影响

用浸渍法制备γ-Al2O3负载的Ni-Mn双金属催化剂．在500-700。C按照17：17：2的C02／CHa／N2比例,以36mL／min的载气流速进行甲烷二氧化碳重整反应,利用甲烷二氧化碳的转化率、生成的合成气H2／CO比例以及长期稳定性等指标评价了催化剂的催化性能．实验表明,添加Mn提高催化性能并使双金属催化剂的稳定性更高,比单金属催化剂更好地抑制焦炭生成,Mn最合适的添加量为0．5wt％．通过BET、C02-TPD、TGA、XRD、SEM、EDX和FTIR各种技术对催化剂进行了表征．     

Terahertz-based nanometrology: multispectral imaging of nanoparticles and nanoclusters in suspensions

Silica nanoparticles suspended in an organic solvent (nanosuspension) have been imaged and characterized via terahertz nanoscanning reconstructive three-dimension (3D) imaging technique. The size of individual silica nanoparticles in the suspension was quantified. In addition, the presence of nanoclusters along with their distribution in the suspension was visualized in 3D. It has also been qualitatively demonstrated that the volume fraction of solvent is significantly higher than that of the silica nanoparticles; an observation consistent with the composition of the nanosuspension in the present investigation. The measured size range of individual nanoparticles was found to be 10–12 nm, while the manufacturer’s specification indicates a nanoparticle size distribution in the range of 10 to 15 nm. However, a typical nanocluster size was determined to be 17.5 nm, thus indicating the presence of nanoparticles less than 10 nm. The nanometrology instrument used in this investigation was based on a dendrimer dipole excitation-based continuous wave terahertz source generating >?200 mW stable terahertz power.     

Synthesis of substituted 3,4-dihydrofuro[2,3-d]pyrimidines from 3-arylmethylidenefuran-2(3H)-ones

Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry -     

Phytochemical analysis, cytotoxic activity and constituents-activity relationships of the leaves of Cinnamomum iners (Reinw. ex Blume-Lauraceae)

The leaves of Cinnamomum iners (Reinw. ex Blume-Lauraceae) have been refluxed successively with chloroform and alcohol to get chloroform extract and alcoholic extract. Both the extracts have been assayed for cytotoxicity against human colorectal tumour cells. The chloroform extract exhibited significant cytotoxicity with IC(50) 31?μg mL(-1) (p??200?μg mL(-1). The chloroform extract has been further proceeded for chemical analysis by GC-TOFMS and 178 components were identified including acids, amines, amides, aldehydes, alcohols, esters, benzene derivatives, bicyclic compounds, terpenes, hydrocarbons, naphthalene derivatives, furan derivatives, azulenes, etc. Nine components representing 51.73% of the total chloroform extract were detected as major components. Caryophyllene (14.41%) and Eicosanoic acid ethyl ester (12.17%) are the most prominent components of the chloroform extract. β-Caryophyllene (14.41%) as most abundant compound supports potent cytotoxicity as shown by chloroform extract.     

Acceleration of Adventitious Shoots by Interaction Between Exogenous Hormone and Adenine Sulphate in Althaea Officinalis L.

In the current study attempts were made to investigate the effects of three different phases of callus induction followed by adventitious regeneration from leaf segments (central and lateral vein). Callus induction was observed in Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with 15.0 μM 2,4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D). Adventitious shoot buds formation was achieved on MS medium supplemented with 7.5 μM 2,4-D and 20.0 μM AdS in liquid medium as it induced 19.2?±?0.58 buds in central vein explants. Addition of different growth regulators (cytokinins—6-benzyladenine, kinetin and 2-isopentenyl adenine alone or in combination with auxins—indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid and α-naphthalene acetic acid, improved the shoot regeneration efficiency, in which 5.0 μM 6-benzyl adenine along with 0.25 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid was shown to be the most effective medium for maximum shoot regeneration (81.3 %) with 24.6 number of shoots and 4.4?±?0.08 cm shoot length per explant. Leaf culture of central veins led to better shoot formation capacity in comparison to lateral vein. Rooting was readily achieved on the differentiated shoots on 1/2 MS medium augmented with 20.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid. The plants were successfully hardened off in sterile soilrite followed by their establishment in garden soil with 80 % survival rate.     

Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Ferro-Nanofluids for Advanced Technological Applications

Iron oxide nanoparticle (ION)-based ferro-nanofluids (FNs) have been used for different technological applications owing to their excellent magneto-rheological properties. A comprehensive overview of the current advancement of FNs based on IONs for various engineering applications is unquestionably necessary. Hence, in this review article, various important advanced technological applications of ION-based FNs concerning different engineering fields are critically summarized. The chemical engineering applications are mainly focused on mass transfer processes. Similarly, the electrical and electronics engineering applications are mainly focused on magnetic field sensors, FN-based temperature sensors and tilt sensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and on-chip components, actuators, and cooling for electronic devices and photovoltaic thermal systems. On the other hand, environmental engineering applications encompass water and air purification. Moreover, mechanical engineering or magneto-rheological applications include dampers and sealings. This review article provides up-to-date information related to the technological advancements and emerging trends in ION-based FN research concerning various engineering fields, as well as discusses the challenges and future perspectives.     

Structural,vibrational, optical,photoluminescence, thermal,dielectric, and mechanical studies on zinc(tris) thiourea sulfate single crystal: A noticeable effect of organic dye

In this work, uranine-dyed zinc(tris) thiourea sulfate(ZTS) monocrystals, 26 mm×15 mm×10 mm in size, were synthesized by the solution method at ambient temperature. Their purity, crystallinity, lattice parameters, and functional modes were studied by x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), and FT-Raman spectroscopy analyses. The sodium ion content of the crystals from the dye was confirmed by elemental analysis. The diffused reflectance spectral analysis of the dyed crystal revealed a characteristic absorption band at 490 nm attributed to the presence of the dye. The calculated band gaps of the non-dyed and dyed crystals were 4.53 and 4.57 e V, respectively. A green emission peak at ～(512 ± 4) nm was observed in the photoluminescence spectrum of the uranine-dyed crystals. A differential scanning calorimetry study confirmed that the thermal stability improved owing to the addition of the dye. Dielectric and microhardness studies were conducted to examine the significant improvements in the corresponding properties of dyed crystals. The results demonstrated the competency of the dyed ZTS crystals for applications in optoelectronic devices.