Synthesis of a novel copolymer using glycogen and poly(lactide) as a carrier of dual drugs—ornidazole and ofloxacin

Biodegradability and biocompatibility are two crucial prerequisites for a promising therapeutic vehicle. Herein, a novel biocompatible copolymer has been synthesized using glycogen and polylactide (PLA). Glycogen, a naturally occurring biopolymer has been functionalized by methacrylation. On the other hand, lactide has been polymerized through ring opening polymerization (ROP), initiated by hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and catalyzed by tin (II) 2‐ethyl hexanoate. Finally, the synthesized two substrates (i.e., glycogen methacrylate and PLA‐HEMA) are covalently connected by free‐radical polymerization, initiated by AIBN. The structure of the developed copolymer has been confirmed using ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectral analyses. The gel characteristics have been evaluated by rheological studies, while the morphological assessment has been investigated by FESEM analysis. In vitro cytocompatibility study reveals that the hydrogel (Gly‐co‐PLA) is biocompatible. The in vitro and in vivo release studies demonstrate the excellent pH‐sensitive control release profile of dual drugs: ornidazole and ofloxacin. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1697–1703     

Frequency‐dependent conductivity of interpenetrating polymer network composites of polypyrrole–poly(vinyl acetate)

The frequency‐dependent conductivity of interpenetrating polymer network composites of polypyrrole (PPy) and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) synthesized by FeCl₃‐impregnated PVAc films being dipped into solutions of pyrrole in water was investigated over a frequency range of 100 Hz to 2 MHz and a temperature range of 110–300 K. For specimens with a PPy content less than the percolation threshold, the quantum mechanical tunneling of electrons was the conduction mechanism. For specimens with a higher PPy content, correlated barrier hopping of electrons appeared to be operative. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 39: 1935–1941, 2001     

A quick accelerating microwave-assisted sustainable technique: permutated spiro-casing for imaging experiment

Molecular Diversity - A quick access tool for the one-pot, chromatography-free synthesis of the diversified dihydrospiro[indeno[1,2-b]pyridine-4,3′-indoline or...     

Revisiting mechanistic studies on dinitrogen reduction to ammonia by an iron dinitrogen complex as nitrogenase mimic

Conversion of free nitrogen to ammonia is a required chemical reaction for both biologically and industrially but their mechanism, specifically the attachment of electron and proton transfer during the cycle, is still doubtful. In this view, a thorough knowledge of the mechanism is crucial. In this article, we employ a density functional method on [(TPB)FeN₂]⁻, the iron-dinitrogen complex carrying the tris(phosphine)borone (TPB) ligand, for the ammonia production with the inclusion of electrons and protons. The electronic structures, reactivity, and mechanistic possibilities have been extensively explored using the B3LYP functional. Both asymmetric and symmetric pathways in addition to the possible intermediates species and transition states are considered here. Our results conclude tremendously small energy barrier of 3.5 kJ/mol for the first protonation (S = 1/2) for the N─H bond activation by the [(TPB)FeN₂]⁻ species. However, high activation barrier for the third protonation was estimated to be 78.5 kJ/mol, which is explained by the high energy of the unoccupied δ_x²_-y² orbital in ¹ts4 species. The computed spectroscopic parameters such as absorption, electron paramagnetic resonance, and Mössbauer also established the electronic structure details of the species. The calculated parameters are compatible with the experimental results.     

Palladium-mediated reductive Mizoroki-Heck cyclization strategy for the regioselective formation of dibenzoazocinone framework

The synthesis of dibenzoazocine framework through palladium-mediated reductive Mizoroki-Heck cyclization has been described. The procedure is simple, straightforward, and regioselective.     

Investigation on the mixed micellar systems of cationic surfactants with propylene glycol and its oligomers

The effects of the addition of several propylene glycol oligomer additives on the micellar properties of the cationic mixed micelle system of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) were investigated. Through conductivity studies, the critical micelle concentration (cmc) and counter-ion binding values were observed in the presence of the additives. A regular solution approach was employed to determine the effects of the additives on the interactions between the two surfactants to form the mixed micelles. The effects of the additives on the interaction parameter and the composition of the mixed micelles were evaluated. Excess Gibbs energy of mixing and the values of activity coefficients were also calculated and described in terms of non-ideality of the system.     

pH dependent SERS and solvation studies of tyrosine adsorbed on silver colloidal nano particles combined with DFT calculations

The surface enhanced Raman spectra of tyrosine in colloidal Ag solution have been recorded over a range of pH. A line shape analysis of the bands at 1359, 1505 and 1577 cm⁻¹ was performed between pH 3.5 and 8.5. The variation of spectral linewidth (FWHM) of the band at 1359 cm⁻¹ with pH is explained in terms of two mechanisms in solution: (i) the fluctuation of the pH of a microscopic volume in a solution with an overall uniform pH and/or (ii) the role of changing viscosity and solvation at different pH values due to the intermolecular ionic interactions between different charged states of the tyrosine molecule. The blue shift in three bands with increasing pH has been explained in terms of charge transfer between the different charged states of tyrosine and metal ions upon chemisorption. The experimental spectra are compared with ab initio/DFT calculations of vibrational wavenumbers, bond geometries, binding energy and charge distributions obtained by means of Hartree–Fock (HF) analysis, the nonlocal density functional method (BLYP) and the hybrid functional method (B3LYP). Two basis sets, CEP-31G and lanl2DZ, were used for all calculations.     

A test of the Hirshfeld definition of atomic charges and moments

Summary The Hirshfeld population analysis scheme which carves the molecular density into atomic density contributions is tested. This method does not require a reference to basis sets or their respective locations, but is based on a different physical and mathematical footing. The advantage of this method is that, when the molecular deformation density converges to the true solution, the computed net charges will necessarily converge. This method also allows a straightforward definition for local moments. About 36 molecules have been used to compute the conventional Mulliken and Löwdin population analyses with STO3G, 6311G** and Dunning-Hay split valence basis sets. These results have been compared to the estimates provided by the Hirshfeld model. The charges found in the Hirshfeld method are smaller than those from the other methods.     

Hexafluoroisopropanol: the magical solvent for Pd-catalyzed C–H activation

Among numerous solvents available for chemical transformations, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (popularly known as HFIP) has attracted enough attention of the scientific community in recent years. Several unique features of HFIP compared to its non-fluoro analogue isopropanol have helped this solvent to make a difference in various subdomains of organic chemistry. One such area is transition metal-catalyzed C–H bond functionalization reactions. While, on one side, HFIP is emerging as a green and sustainable deep eutectic solvent (DES), on the other side, a major proportion of Pd-catalyzed C–H functionalization is heavily relying on this solvent. In particular, for distal aromatic C–H functionalizations, the exceptional impact of HFIP to elevate the yield and selectivity has made this solvent irreplaceable. Recent research studies have also highlighted the H-bond-donating ability of HFIP to enhance the chiral induction in Pd-catalyzed atroposelective C–H activation. This perspective aims to portray different shades of HFIP as a magical solvent in Pd-catalyzed C–H functionalization reactions.

Among numerous solvents available for chemical transformations, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (popularly known as HFIP) has attracted enough attention of the scientific community in recent years.