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161.
Pedro Jiménez Guerra Miguel Angel Melguizo María J. Mu?oz-Bouzo 《Set-Valued Analysis》2007,15(1):47-59
The paper deals with the properties of a conic set-valued function defined on the set of all ideal points of vector programming
problems. The results here about the continuity and derivability of this conic set-valued map, can be used to get information
about the sensitivity of the problem and the stability of the order associated to every ideal point. Furthermore, it is proved
that certain contingent cones are determined by the ideal conic set-valued map.
相似文献
162.
163.
Angel Bustamante Enrico Mattievich Helio S. de Amorim Ivo Vencato Máximo M. Silveira 《Hyperfine Interactions》2005,166(1-4):599-603
The crystal structure of synthetic ferrous hureaulite, Fe5 2+ (H2O)4(PO4H)2(PO4)2, was refined from single-crystal X-ray data. It is monoclinic, space group C2/c, with a=17.487(4), b=9.017(2), c=9.338(2) Å, β=96.27(3)°, V=1463.6(6) Å3, Z=4 and D calc=3.327 g/cm3. This end member of the hureaulite series was crystallized under distinctly acidic conditions, by a method that gives perfect crystals, large enough for X-ray single crystal studies. The main feature of the hureaulite structure is that it has an equal number of normal (PO4)3+ and acid (PO4H)2+ tetradentate groups. These are centered on Fe2+ atoms and share corners with edge-linked octahedra, forming pentamer units. The five Fe2+ atoms are distributed on three distinct sites in these units. This can be directly observed in the Mössbauer spectrum at 295 K, which contains three doublets whose relative intensities correspond to the 1:2:2 distributions of crystallographic sites. 相似文献
164.
How cooperation emerges in human societies is still a
puzzle. Evolutionary game theory has been the standard framework to
address this issue. In most models, every individual plays with all
others, and then reproduces and dies according to what she earns.
This amounts to assuming that selection takes place at a slow pace
with respect to the interaction time scale. We show that, quite generally, if selection speeds up, the evolution outcome
changes
dramatically. Thus, in games such as Harmony, where cooperation is
the only equilibrium and the only rational outcome, rapid selection
leads to dominance of defectors. Similar non trivial phenomena arise
in other binary games and even in more complicated settings such as
the Ultimatum game. We conclude that the rate of selection is a key
element to understand and model the emergence of cooperation, and one
that has so far been overlooked. 相似文献
165.
For any 2D triangulation τ, the 1-skeleton mesh of τ is the wireframe mesh defined by the edges of τ, while that for any 3D triangulation τ, the 1-skeleton and the 2-skeleton meshes, respectively, correspond to the wireframe mesh formed by the edges of τ and the “surface” mesh defined by the triangular faces of τ. A skeleton-regular partition of a triangle or a tetrahedra, is a partition that globally applied over each element of a conforming mesh (where the intersection of adjacent elements is a vertex or a common face, or a common edge) produce both a refined conforming mesh and refined and conforming skeleton meshes. Such a partition divides all the edges (and all the faces) of an individual element in the same number of edges (faces). We prove that sequences of meshes constructed by applying a skeleton-regular partition over each element of the preceding mesh have an associated set of difference equations which relate the number of elements, faces, edges and vertices of the nth and (n−1)th meshes. By using these constitutive difference equations we prove that asymptotically the average number of adjacencies over these meshes (number of triangles by node and number of tetrahedra by vertex) is constant when n goes to infinity. We relate these results with the non-degeneracy properties of longest-edge based partitions in 2D and include empirical results which support the conjecture that analogous results hold in 3D. 相似文献
166.
167.
Angel Licea-Claverıe Simona Schwarz Frank Simon Omar Urzúa-Sánchez Jürgen Nagel Dieter Pleul Klaus-Jochen Eichhorn Andreas Janke 《Colloid and polymer science》2005,283(8):826-835
The polycation preparation of poly(dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate) hydrochloride and the multilayer formation in combination with poly(sodium 4-styrenesulphonate) as polyanion studies onto different substrates, as followed by streaming potential measurements, in situ surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, and multi-wavelength ellipsometry, are reported. Furthermore, we studied the resulting multilayer buildup of dry surfaces by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy measurements. Thereby, the layer built up at the solid/liquid-interface could be followed and quantified at the molecular level.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with corrections to the article category. 相似文献
168.
The semigroup of values of irreducible space curve singularities
is the set of intersection multiplicities among hypersurfaces
and the given curve. It is an invariant of the singularity, and
for plane curves it characterizes the equisingularity type
considered by Zariski. For space curve singularities the semigroup
of values is a numerical semigroup and it can not be computed by
means of the exponents of any Puiseux parametrization, as in the
plane case. We obtain an algorithm for calculating the semigroup
of values of a space curve singularity, which determines the
generators of the semigroup and the valuation ideals associated
with the semigroup. We give a Maple version of the algorithm. 相似文献
169.
We give an example of a domain such that the sequence of iterated symmetric rings of quotients does not stabilize. This answers
a question of Passman.
The work of the first author has been partially supported by CICYT PB 86-0353-C02-01 and that of the second author by CICYT
PB87-0703 and the Institut d’Estudis Catalans. 相似文献
170.
The effects of measuring procedures and activating additives on the electrorheological (ER) behaviour of hematite/silicone oil suspensions are analysed. The structures built up in the presence of an electric field without shear are stronger than those produced with both electric and shear fields simultaneously applied. Such differences are measurable when the field strength is not high enough to dominate over hydrodynamic interactions. Regarding the effect of additives, the ER response is enhanced by water until a certain maximum amount, beyond which the effect decreases. The increase in water concentration also leads to higher values of the electric current. Similar results are observed when Brij 30 is used. However, this surfactant only raises the yield stress at low fields. Contrary to water, the surfactant forms droplets in solution, instead of adsorbing on the hematite surface. At sufficiently high field strengths, the droplets can coalesce, enclosing the hematite particles and thus reducing the overall ER effect. 相似文献