A check for consistency between positron-atomic hydrogen total,positronium formation,and ionization cross section measurements

We have recently measured total cross sections for 5 to 302 eV positrons scattered by atomic hydrogen using a beam transmission technique. A check for consistency is made between these measurements and prior measurements of positronium formation and ionization cross sections by making use of available theoretical calculations of elastic and excitation cross sections for positron-atomic hydrogen scattering.     

Aging in 1D discrete spin models and equivalent systems

We derive exact expressions for a number of aging functions that are scaling limits of nonequilibrium correlations, R(t(w),t(w)+t) as t(w)-->infinity, t/t(w)-->theta, in the 1D homogenous q-state Potts model for all q with T = 0 dynamics following a quench from T = infinity. One such quantity is (0)(t(w));sigma-->(n)(t(w)+t)> when n/square root of ([t(w))-->z. Exact, closed-form expressions are also obtained when an interlude of T = infinity dynamics occurs. Our derivations express the scaling limit via coalescing Brownian paths and a "Brownian space-time spanning tree," which also yields other aging functions, such as the persistence probability of no spin flip at 0 between t(w) and t(w)+t.     

Time‐resolved ultrafast carrier dynamics in as‐grown nanocrystalline silicon films: the effect of film thickness and grain boundaries

In this letter, we have studied transient photoinduced absorption in as‐grown nanocrystalline silicon films with thickness varied from 5 to 30 nm. Effects of quantum confinement (QC) in z ‐direction and grain boundary distortions alter the carrier dynamics of these films considerably. Based on the determination of critical points in the first Brillouin zone of the band structure of materials, we have time‐resolved the relaxation times of surface‐related states and indirect valleys. When decreasing the film thickness down to the QC limit (∼10 nm) new ultrafast relaxation mechanisms start to play a dominant role in carrier dynamics due to the topological disordering of these ultrathin films. These relaxation mechanisms seem to be related with the traping/de‐traping of the excited carriers prior to recombination. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Spectral bundles and the DRY-Conjecture

Supersymmetric heterotic string models, built from a Calabi-Yau threefold X endowed with a stable vector bundle V, usually start from a phenomenologically motivated choice of a bundle V_v in the visible sector, the spectral cover construction on an elliptically fibered X being a prominent example. The ensuing anomaly mismatch between c₂(V_v) and c₂(X), or rather the corresponding differential forms, is often ‘solved’, on the cohomological level, by including a fivebrane. This leads to the question whether the difference can be alternatively realized by a further stable bundle. The ‘DRY’-conjecture of Douglas, Reinbacher and Yau in math.AG/0604597 gives a sufficient condition on cohomology classes on X to be realized as the Chern classes of a stable sheaf. In 1010.1644 [hep-th], we showed that infinitely many classes on X exist for which the conjecture is true. In this note, we give the sufficient condition for the mentioned fivebrane classes to be realized by a further stable bundle in the hidden sector. Using a result obtained in 1011.6246 [hep-th], we show that corresponding bundles exist, thereby confirming this version of the DRY-Conjecture.     

Relativity and the lead-acid battery

The energies of the solid reactants in the lead-acid battery are calculated ab?initio using two different basis sets at nonrelativistic, scalar-relativistic, and fully relativistic levels, and using several exchange-correlation potentials. The average calculated standard voltage is 2.13?V, compared with the experimental value of 2.11?V. All calculations agree in that 1.7-1.8?V of this standard voltage arise from relativistic effects, mainly from PbO2 but also from PbSO4.     

Widely tunable monolithic narrowband grating filter for near-infrared radiation

We propose a monolithic narrowband guided-mode grating filter in fused silica that is widely tunable in the near-IR wavelength region. Based on a recently demonstrated approach for a monolithic reflector comprising an encapsulated grating, we theoretically investigate such a device by means of rigorous modeling aimed at a narrow linewidth. It is demonstrated that upon a spatial variation of the filter's grating period its resonance wavelength can be tuned in a remarkably wide range of near-IR radiation with 800 nm<λ(res)< 1600 nm by translating the laser beam relative to the grating area. The filter performance in terms of linewidth and contrast is essentially preserved over the entire tuning interval.     

Simultaneous measurements of multiple flow velocity components using frequency modulated lasers and a single molecular absorption cell

Since unsteady, complex flow phenomena play an important role, optical measurements techniques are required for flow investigations, which provide simultaneous measurements of multiple velocity components. Doppler global velocimetry has this potential. It is a flow measurement technique, where the Doppler shift of scattered light is measured by a molecular absorption cell for frequency-to-intensity conversion. However, novel Doppler global velocimeters with laser frequency modulation were only used for single component measurements yet. In order to enhance such a system for the simultaneous measurement of multiple components, a concept based on frequency division multiplexing is introduced for the first time. Besides multiple lasers, only a single molecular absorption cell and a single detector unit is required. Two-component measurements of velocity profiles from nozzle flows are presented as a proof of principle. The designed measurement system provides high measurement rates of up to 20 kHz, which is three orders of magnitude higher than for typical Doppler global velocimetry setups.     

Neutron depolarisation imaging: Stress measurements by magnetostriction effects in Ni foils

In this article we present first proof-of-principle neutron depolarization imaging measurements on Ni foils under mechanical stress. The magnetostrictive effect in Ni leads to a reorientation of the magnetic domains in the material depending on the applied force. This in turn leads to a change of the depolarization a neutron beam suffers from transmission of the sample. We propose to use this method as a new technique for the spatially resolved measurement of mechanical stress.     

All nonclassical correlations can be activated into distillable entanglement

We devise a protocol in which general nonclassical multipartite correlations produce a physically relevant effect, leading to the creation of bipartite entanglement. In particular, we show that the relative entropy of quantumness, which measures all nonclassical correlations among subsystems of a quantum system, is equivalent to and can be operationally interpreted as the minimum distillable entanglement generated between the system and local ancillae in our protocol. We emphasize the key role of state mixedness in maximizing nonclassicality: Mixed entangled states can be arbitrarily more nonclassical than separable and pure entangled states.