Interference of Different Types of Mastication on Static Balance in Individuals without Temporomandibular Disorder

Purpose: This study was to determine whether non-habitual (isotonic) bilateral and unilateral mastication with eyes open and eyes closed exerts an influence on static balance in individuals without temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Method: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted involving 20 volunteers aged 20 to 40 years without temporomandibular disorder. Static balance was assessed with the individuals in a quiet standing position on a force plate performing different types of mastication under six separate conditions. Results: Significant differences (p < .05) were found in the area of oscillation during bilateral mastication (eyes open) and the right unilateral mastication, significant differences were only found for oscillation area with eyes open and mediolateral center of pressure with eyes closed (p < .05). Conclusions: The findings of the present study reveal that the stomatognathic system (bilateral and unilateral mastication) promote changes in some variables of static balance.     

Two hydro­chlorides of 7‐methyl‐3,7,11,17‐tetra­aza­bi­cyclo­[11.3.1]­heptadeca‐1(17),13,15‐triene

The X‐ray structure determinations of the two title com­pounds, namely 7‐methyl‐7,17‐di­aza‐3,11‐diazo­niabi­cyclo[11.3.1]­hep­ta­deca‐1(17),13,15‐triene dichloride monohydrate, C₁₄H₂₆N₄²⁺·2Cl^?·H₂O, (I), and 7‐methyl‐17‐aza‐3,7,11‐triazo­niabi­cyclo­[11.3.1]­heptadeca‐1(17),13,15‐triene 2.826‐chloride 0.174‐nitrate, C₁₄H₂₇N₄³⁺·2.826Cl^?·0.174NO₃^?, (II), are re­ported. Protonation occurs at the secondary amine N atoms in (I) and at all three amine N atoms in (II) to which the Cl^? ions are linked via N—H?Cl hydrogen bonds. The macrocyclic hole is quite different in both structures, as is observed by comparing particularly the N3?N4 distances [2.976 (4) and 4.175 (4) Å for (I) and (II), respectively]. In (II), a Cl^? ion alternates with an NO₃^? ion in a disordered structure.     

Some electronic properties of TMPD,CA and TCNQ molecules and their mono- and diions

Semiempirical RHF and UHF PPP calculations have been performed on three molecules involved in charge transfer systems. The same set of parameters has been used for the three ionic states of each molecule. Particular attention has been given to the choice of both number and type of configurations taken into account in the Cl treatment following the RHF SCF calculation; it is shown that they have a great influence on the results. Calculations carried out for several experimental molecular geometries showed that their influence is not always negligible. Experimental data have been collected in a critical way. The unique set of parameters gives satisfactory results for the optical spectra of the neutral molecules and monoions but gives a poor agreement for diions. Spin densities appeared to be very sensitive to both the methods of calculations and the variation of parameters.     

Propriétés des oxinates d'aluminium,de gallium et d'Indium.: Séparation du gallium par extraction par le chloroforme

A study has been made of the solubility in water as a function of pH of oxine and of the oxinatus of aluminium, gallium and indium, as well as their solubility in chloroform.The curves showing the partition between chloroform and water as a function of pu have been established.Gallium can be separated, from aluminium by extraction of the oxinate al pH₂O. It is possible by this means to separate one part of gallium from 10¹ parts of aluminium. The formation of the oxinates serves as a basis of an acidimetric determination of the ions Al⁺³, Ga⁺³ and In⁺³.     

Synthesis of 5H[l]benzopyrano[3,4-b]pyridin-5-one and its derivatives

3-Aminocoumarin undergoes the Skraup reaction to give a new ring system, 5H[l]benzo-pyrano[3,4-b]pyridin-5-one (IVa). When 3-aminocoumarin was condensed with the ethoxy methylene derivatives of active methylene compounds, ethyl acetoacetate, and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, the intermediates Vla-VIf were formed which on thermal cyclizations afforded other derivatives of 5H[l ]benzopyrano[3,4-b]pyridin-5-one (IVb-IVf). The nitration of IVa gave IVg.     

Discrete artificial boundary conditions for the linearized Korteweg–de Vries equation

We consider the derivation of continuous and fully discrete artificial boundary conditions for the linearized Korteweg–de Vries equation. We show that we can obtain them for any constant velocities and any dispersion. The discrete artificial boundary conditions are provided for two different numerical schemes. In both continuous and discrete case, the boundary conditions are nonlocal with respect to time variable. We propose fast evaluations of discrete convolutions. We present various numerical tests which show the effectiveness of the artificial boundary conditions.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 32: 1455–1484, 2016     

Investigation of viscous flow phenomena in a rotating system

In this work we have investigated viscous flow in a rotating system. The system consists of a horizontally oriented cylindrical drum rotating around the center and a fixed plate as a scraping internal tool. By this plate the inner volume is divided into two separate chambers. No mass transport between the chambers can take place. The drum is completely or partially filled with a highly viscous, optically transparent silicon oil. In the second case the remaining space is filled with air as a passive phase. Depending on the settings in the system, which are the rotational speed of the drum, material properties of the liquid and the volume ratio of the two phases, different flow phenomena can be observed [1, 2]. For the characterization of the flow dimensionless ratios given by the Reynolds number Re, the Froude number Fr, the Capillary number Ca and the volumetric filling degree F are used. The system is investigated applying the experimental method of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) as well as suitable models of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The goal of this investigation is to identify the velocity fields in the liquid phase for a better understanding of the observed phenomena. The results obtained by the different methods are presented and discussed. (© 2009 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Parallelized phylogenetic post-analysis on multi-core architectures

Bioinformatics is experiencing a rapid and overwhelming accumulation of molecular sequence data, predominantly driven by novel wet-lab sequencing techniques. This trend poses scalability challenges for tool developers. In the field of phylogenetic inference (reconstruction of evolutionary trees from molecular sequence data), scalability is becoming an increasingly important issue for operations other than the tree reconstruction itself. In this paper we focus on post-analysis tasks in reconstructing very large trees, specifically the step of building (extended) majority rule consensus trees from a collection of equally plausible trees or a collection of bootstrap replicate trees. To this end we present non-parallel optimizations which establish our implementation as the fastest exact implementation in phylogenetics, and our novel parallelized routines are the first of their kind. Our non-parallel optimizations achieve a performance improvement of factor 50 compared to the previous version of our code and we achieve a maximum speedup of 5.5 on a 8-core Nehalem node for building consensus trees comprising up to 55,000 organisms. We also present a parallel approach for drawing bootstrap support values on a candidate tree, and experimentally assess our approach in order to better understand read-only versus read–write parallel hash table accesses on multi-core systems.     

On Strong Uniform Distribution,III

We construct infinite dimensional chains that are ¹ good for almost sure convergence, which settles a question raised in this journal [7] and earlier in [6] by R. Nair. In [7] it was stated that the construction proposed in [4] was invalid. We complete the construction proposed in [4], where it is true that a piece of proof was forgotten. The technic remains the same and the completion of the proof rather natural.     

Imaging iron stores in the brain using magnetic resonance imaging

For the last century, there has been great physiological interest in brain iron and its role in brain function and disease. It is well known that iron accumulates in the brain for people with Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, chronic hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, anemia, thalassemia, hemochromatosis, Hallervorden-Spatz, Down syndrome, AIDS and in the eye for people with macular degeneration. Measuring the amount of nonheme iron in the body may well lead to not only a better understanding of the disease progression but an ability to predict outcome. As there are many forms of iron in the brain, separating them and quantifying each type have been a major challenge. In this review, we present our understanding of attempts to measure brain iron and the potential of doing so with magnetic resonance imaging. Specifically, we examine the response of the magnetic resonance visible iron in tissue that produces signal changes in both magnitude and phase images. These images seem to correlate with brain iron content, perhaps ferritin specifically, but still have not been successfully exploited to accurately and precisely quantify brain iron. For future quantitative studies of iron content we propose four methods: correlating R2' and phase to iron content; applying a special filter to the phase to obtain a susceptibility map; using complex analysis to extract the product of susceptibility and volume content of the susceptibility source; and using early and late echo information to separately predict susceptibility and volume content.