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971.
Past trials with soft and calcified tissues have demonstrated that long pulse train (2.5 mus) Er:YAG (2.94 mum) laser may be used to ablate tooth structure of human teeth. Determination of physical and thermal damage to surrounding tissue during removal of enamel and dentin is a primary objective of this study. Extracted human teeth with thermal probes imbedded in the pulp chambers were submitted to cavity preparation using an Erbium YAG laser with water mist. Wavelength selection as well as use of a water mist during the procedure resulted in efficient tissue removal without significant surrounding damage. Ground sections and SEM sections of teeth showed little or no melting or ash formation in adjacent dentin and enamel and no visible change in the pulp chamber. The surfaces produced by laser ablation were rough and irregular with craters and grooves. Average temperature change in the pulp chamber monitored during tooth preparation was 2.2 degrees Centigrade. These findings suggest that constantly available water aids vaporization and microexplosions, increasing the efficiency of tooth structure removal, and aids in cooling of the tooth structures. The long pulse Er:YAG (2.94 mum) laser may be an effective method for tooth reduction applications when used with a water mist. 相似文献
972.
The behavior of effective charges i(t) corresponding to the parameters of nonminimal coupling of scalar and gravitational fields in E6 Grand Unification Theory (GUT) in curve spacetimes is studied. It is shown that in a strong gravitational field ¦i(t)¦ grows indefinitely.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 9, pp. 74–11, September, 1990. 相似文献
973.
The simplest gauge theory of an elastic-plastic medium is considered in this paper that takes account of just translational plasticity. The equations of motion for such a model turn out to be linear and permit the normal modes spectrum of a medium to be obtained. Taking account of plasticity results in a cardinal transformation of the elastic branches of the spectrum and the appearance of a group of plasma oscillations of a dislocation gas.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 6, pp. 64–68, June, 1990. 相似文献
974.
Wu DY Hayes K Perl ML Barklow T Boyarski A Burchat PR Burke DL Dorfan JM Feldman GJ Gladney L Hanson G Hollebeek RJ Innes WR Jaros JA Karlen D Klein SR Lankford AJ Larsen RR LeClaire BW Lockyer NS Lüth V Ong RA Richter B Riles K Yelton JM Abrams G Amidei D Baden AR Boyer J Butler F Gidal G Gold MS Goldhaber G Golding L Haggerty J Herrup D Juricic I Kadyk JA Levi ME Nelson ME Rowson PC Schellman H Schmidke WB Sheldon PD Trilling GH Wood DR Schaad T 《Physical review D: Particles and fields》1990,41(7):2339-2342
975.
G. Scamarcio L. Tapfer W. König K. Ploog A. Cingolani 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1990,51(3):252-254
Far infrared reflectivity measurements are performed on a series of GaAs/AlAs multiple quantum well (MQW) heterostructures with systematically varied thicknesses of the constituent layers. In addition to the artificial anisotropy we observe two distinct bulk-like Reststrahlen regions. The widths of the GaAs-like and the AlAs-like Reststrahlen bands strongly depend on the relative thicknesses of the constituent layers of the MQW heterostructures, in excellent agreement with the predictions of the effective-medium theory.Prof. Aldo Cingolani passed away just before the publication of this article. We would like to dedicate this paper to his memory 相似文献
976.
We introduce a class of optimization problems, calleddynamic location problems, involving the processing of requests that occur sequentially at the nodes of a graphG. This leads to the definition of a new parameter of graphs, called the window indexWX(G), that measures how large a window into the future is needed to solve every instance of the dynamic location problem onG optimally on-line. We completely characterize this parameter:WX(G)k if and only ifG is a weak retract of a product of complete graphs of size at mostk. As a byproduct, we obtain two (polynomially recognizable) structural characterizations of such graphs, extending a result of Bandelt. 相似文献
977.
Algorithms for proportional matrices in reals and integers 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
LetR be the set of nonnegative matrices whose row and column sums fall between specific limits and whose entries sum to some fixedh > 0. Closely related axiomatic approaches have been developed to ascribe meanings to the statements: the real matrixf R and the integer matrixa R are proportional to a given matrixp 0.These approaches are described, conditions under which proportional solutions exist are characterized, and algorithms are given for finding proportional solutions in each case. 相似文献
978.
We consider the equation in question on the interval 0 ≦ x ≦ 1 having Neumann boundary conditions, with f(u) = F(u), where F is a double well energy density with equal minima at u = ±1. The only stable states of the system are patternless constant solutions. But given two-phase initial data, a pattern of interfacial layers typically forms far out of equilibrium. The ensuing nonlinear relaxation process is extremely slow: patterns persist for exponentially long times proportional to exp{A±l/?, where A = F(±1) and l is the minimum distance between layers. Physically, a tiny potential jump across a layer drives its motion. We prove the existence and persistence of these metastable patterns, and characterise accurately the equations governing their motion. The point of view is reminiscent of center manifold theory: a manifold parametrising slowly evolving states is introduced, a neighbourhood is shown to be normally attracting, and the parallel flow is characterised to high relative accuracy. Proofs involve a detailed study of the Dirichlet problem, spectral gap analysis, and energy estimates. 相似文献
979.
Optimal birth control of population dynamics 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
The authors studied optimal birth control policies for an age-structured population of McKendrick type which is a distributed parameter system involving 1st order partial differential equations with nonlocal bilinear boundary control. The functional analytic approach of Dubovitskii and Milyutin is adopted in the investigation. Maximum principles for problems with a free end condition and fixed final horizon are developed, and the time optimal control problems, the problem with target sets, and infinite planning horizon case are investigated. 相似文献
980.
Summary We give various properties, examples and equivalent conditions for mapsT of then-dimensional euclidean space into itself (n 2) satisfying the generalised orthogonality equation|Tx Ty| = |x y| for allx, y inR
n
, where stands for the usual dot product, and we prove that the only continuous maps verifying this condition are the orthogonal linear transformations. 相似文献