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151.
Electron diffraction investigation of PPTA/nylon 3T blends from shear-oriented anisotropic solutions
Nematic solutions of PPTA and nylon 3T were prepared in H2SO4 Optical microscopy was used to ascertain the phase behaviour of the blends. In the studied concentration range, no phase separation was observed. The solutions were shear-oriented and coagulated, and the resulting samples were studied by x-ray and electron diffraction. Nylon 3T crystallised even at a low concentration, which is indicative of a phase separation. Electron diffraction investigations of the oriented samples showed that well-oriented areas, which were predominantly composed of PPTA, adjoined areas where the major component, nylon 3T, showed no orientation. The relative proportion of the unoriented areas increased with increasing nylon concentration. It was concluded that, upon coagulation, the nylon was segregated into separate phases and crystallised unoriented, whereas for PPTA, crystallisation proceeded with very little chain rearrangement therefore preserving the orientation. 相似文献
152.
J. Odeurs R. Coussement C. L'abbé G. Neyens G.R. Hoy E.E. Alp W. Sturhahn T. Toellner C. Johnson 《Hyperfine Interactions》1998,113(1-4):455-463
A new time integrated method for the study of resonant nuclear scattering of synchrotron radiation in the forward direction
or in Bragg directions is introduced. This method gives in principle similar information as the well known time differential
method. A brief comparison of both methods is presented. The idea is to excite coherently the nuclei incorporated in two absorbers,
one moving with respect to the other. The fields radiated by the nuclei from both absorbers interfere and each time the nuclear
energy in one absorber matches, by Doppler modulation, the nuclear energy of the other, an extremum in the time integrated
intensity is observed. The results of the first experiments at the Advanced Photon Source at the Argonne National Laboratory
will be presented.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
153.
D. A. Ténné V. A. Gaisler N. T. Moshegov A. I. Toropov A. P. Shebanin 《JETP Letters》1998,68(1):53-58
Experiments on Raman scattering in the “forward” geometry, permitting observation of anisotropy of the optical phonons, are
performed on specially prepared short-period GaAs/AlAs superlattice structures with the substrates removed and the surfaces
covered with an antireflective layer. The experimental data agree well with the computational results obtained for the angular
dispersion of optical phonons in superlattices on the basis of a modified continuum model.
Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 68, No. 1, 50–55 (10 July 1998) 相似文献
154.
We study the spectrum and eigenmodes of the QCD Dirac operator in a gauge background given by an instanton liquid model (ILM) at temperatures around the chiral phase transition. Generically we find the Dirac eigenvectors become more localized as the temperature is increased. At the chiral phase transition, both the low lying eigenmodes and the spectrum of the QCD Dirac operator undergo a transition to localization similar to the one observed in a disordered conductor. This suggests that Anderson localization is the fundamental mechanism driving the chiral phase transition. We also find an additional temperature dependent mobility edge (separating delocalized from localized eigenstates) in the bulk of the spectrum which moves toward lower eigenvalues as the temperature is increased. In both regions, the origin and the bulk, the transition to localization exhibits features of a 3D Anderson transition including multifractal eigenstates and spectral properties that are well described by critical statistics. Similar results are obtained in both the quenched and the unquenched case though the critical temperature in the unquenched case is lower. Finally we argue that our findings are not in principle restricted to the ILM approximation and may also be found in lattice simulations. 相似文献
155.
Véronique Cariou 《Computational Statistics》2006,21(2):325-341
Summary Several data can be presented as interval curves where intervals reflect a within variability. In particular, this representation
is well adapted for load profiles, which depict the electricity consumption of a class of customers. Electricity load profiling
consists in assigning a daily load curve to a customer based on their characteristics such as energy requirement. Within the
load profiling scope, this paper investigates the extension of multivariate regression trees to the case of interval dependent
(or response) variables. The tree method aims at setting up simultaneously load profiles and their assignment rules based
on independent variables. The extension of multivariate regression trees to interval responses is detailed and a global approach
is defined. It consists in a first stage of a dimension reduction of the interval response variables. Thereafter, the extension
of the tree method is applied to the first principal interval components. Outputs are the classes of the interval curves where
each class is characterized both by an interval load profile (e.g. the class prototype) and an assignment rule based on the
independent variables. 相似文献
156.
Marek Pękała Jan Mucha Benedicte Vertruyen Rudi Cloots Marcel Ausloos 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2006
Samples of La0.7Ca0.3Mn1−xGaxO3 with x=0, 0.025, 0.05 and 0.10 were prepared by standard solid-state reaction. They were first characterized chemically, including the microstructure. The magnetic properties and various transport properties, i.e. the electrical resistivity, magnetoresistivity (for a field below 8 T), thermoelectric power and thermal conductivity measured each time on the same sample, are reported. The markedly different behaviour of the x=0.1 sample from those with a smaller Ga content, is discussed. The dilution of the Mn3+/Mn4+ interactions with Ga doping considerably reduces the ferromagnetic double exchange interaction within the manganese lattice leading to a decrease of the Curie temperature. The polaron binding energy varies from 224 to 243 meV with increased Ga doping. 相似文献
157.
Near-infrared laser photoacoustic detection of methane: the impact of molecular relaxation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A photoacoustic sensor has been developed for trace-gas monitoring using a near-infrared semiconductor laser emitting in the
2ν3 band of methane at 1.65 μm. The apparatus was designed for on-line process control in the manufacturing of the novel low-water-peak
fibres developed for optical telecommunications. The importance of collisional relaxation processes in the generation of the
photoacoustic signal is reported in the particular case of CH4 detection in dry O2 and O2–N2 mixtures. The negative influence of these effects results in a strongly reduced and phase-shifted photoacoustic signal, induced
by a fast resonant coupling between the vibrational states of methane and oxygen, associated with the slow relaxation of the
excited oxygen molecules. An unusual parabolic response of the sensor with respect to the methane concentration has been observed
and is discussed. Finally, the beneficial effect of several species, including water vapour and helium, acting as a catalyst
to hasten the relaxation of the CH4–O2 system, is demonstrated.
PACS 42.62.Fi; 33.20.Ea; 34.50.Ez 相似文献
158.
It is shown that the non-trivial cocycles on simple Lie algebras may be used to introduce antisymmetric multibrackets which
lead to higher-order Lie algebras, the definition of which is given. Their generalised Jacobi identities turn out to be satisfied
by the antisymmetric tensors (or higher-order “structure constants”) which characterise the Lie algebra cocycles. This analysis
allows us to present a classification of the higher-order simple Lie algebras as well as a constructive procedure for them.
Our results are synthesised by the introduction of a single, complete BRST operator associated with each simple algebra.
Received: 3 June 1996 / Accepted: 8 November 1996 相似文献
159.
Carmen Izquierdo María Luisa Moyá Jose Luis Usero Julio Casado 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1992,123(5):383-389
Summary A simple working method for the estimation of the aggregation numbers and core radii from weight measurements of sodium bis-2-ethylhexylsulphosuccinate (aerosol-OT orAOT)/decane/water microemulsions of several compositions is proposed.Starting out from the hypotheses that (i) the density of the water inside the droplets is the same as that of free water, (ii) all the surfactant is localized as interface, and (iii) the penetration of the organic phase into the interface is negligible, values for the aggregation number and core radii comparable to those determined using more sophisticated methods were obtained.The results/methodological simplicity ratio may be of great advantage in kinetic work on reaction mechanisms in microemulsions.
Abschätzung von Aggregationszahl und Radius von Mikroemulsionen
Zusammenfassung Es wird eine einfache Methode zur Abschätzung von Aggregationszahl und Core-Radius von Mikroemulsionen aus Gewichtsmessungen von Natriumbis-2-ethylhexylsulphosuccinat (aerosol-OT oderAOT)/Decan/Wasser-Mikroemulsionen verschiedener Zusammensetzung vorgeschlagen. Unter den Annahmen, daß (i) die Dichte von Wasser innerhalb der Aggregationen die gleiche als bei freiem Wasser ist, (ii) das ganze Emulsionsmittel in der Grenzfläche vorliegt und (iii) das Eindringen der organischen Phase in die Grenzfläche vernachlässigbar ist, können Werte für Aggregationszahlen und Core-Radien erhalten werden, die durchaus mit entsprechenden Werten aus aufwendigeren Methoden vergleichbar sind. Das Leistungsverhältnis (Ergebnisse/geringer Aufwand) ist sehr vorteilhaft und macht die Methode für kinetische Arbeiten zur Bestimmung von Reaktionsmechanismen in Mikroemulsionen interessant.相似文献
160.