Nuclear spin-lattice and nuclear spin-spin relaxation time measurements in EuB6 at low temperatures using the spin-echo technique

Experimental results on the nuclear spin-lattice and nuclear spin-spin relaxation times in the ferromagnetic EuB₆ at temperatures below 4·2 K are presented using the external magnetic field,H _ext, in the range of 0 ⩽H _ext ⩽ 10 kG. Nuclear spin-spin relaxation time computed on the basis of the Suhl-Nakamura process turns out to be 3·2μs, which compares well with the experimental value 11·1μs obtained with the 10 kG magnetic field at 1·7 K. It is found that in the ferromagnetic EuB₆,T ₁ is approximately 5 × 10³ times larger thanT ₂ at 1·7 K with the 10 kG magnetic field. Thus the effect ofT ₁ onT ₂ can be neglected. From the experimental value ofT ₂, the value of the homogeneous line broadening is found to be 14 kHz. The corresponding value obtained from the cw method is 175 kHz. This evidently shows the presence of the inhomogeneous line broadening in the cw NMR.     

Sur quelques récents résultats dans la théorie des surfaces algébriques

Sans résumé     

Synthèse de l'oxo-7 7H cyclohepta[b] pyridine et de quelques dérivés

This communication describes the synthesis of 7-one (7H) cyclohepta[b]pyridine and some derivatives (6,8-dimethyl; 8-methyl; 8-ethyl….). These compounds have been obtained by condensation of ketones with 2,3-diformylpyridine.     

Arylboronic acids as versatile coupling partners in fast microwave promoted oxidative Heck chemistry

The useful and selective reactivity of arylboronic acids makes them favourite building blocks for many modern organic chemistry applications like the metal-mediated formation of C-C, C-O, C-N, and C-S bonds. This report describes oxidative Heck coupling reactions of arylboronic acids and olefins, which were conveniently and rapidly (5-30 min) carried out under air with temperature-controlled microwave heating. Different reaction conditions were investigated with regard to both microwave heating capability and chemical productivity. Copper(II) acetate was identified as a microwave compatible reoxidant of Pd(0). The scope and limitations of this high-speed chemistry protocol with diverse olefins and organoboronic acids are discussed.     

The effect of topical anesthesia on vocal fold motion

The objective of this study was to determine if topical anesthesia to the larynx and pharynx affects vocal fold motion during dynamic voice evaluation with transnasal flexible endoscopy. Transnasal dynamic laryngeal examinations of 10 patients with no voice complaints were evaluated by five blinded fellowship-trained laryngologists. Each patient was examined before and after application of topical anesthetic. Reviewers rated briskness of right and left vocal fold movement and longitudinal tension on a visual analogue scale. Statistical comparisons were made between individual subject scores before and after anesthetic application. Inter-rater reliability was also assessed. No statistical difference was observed between subject scores before and after anesthetic application. Average intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.643 and 0.591 for pre- and postanesthesia scores, respectively. Application of topical anesthesia to the larynx and pharynx does not affect vocal fold motion.     

The first ligand-modulated oxidative Heck vinylation. Efficient catalysis with molecular oxygen as palladium(0) oxidant

The discovery of the first ligand-supported Pd(ii) catalysed oxidative Heck reaction with molecular oxygen as reoxidant and the scope with diverse arylboronic acids and olefins using only 1-2% of catalyst are reported.     

Static charged spheres with anisotropic pressure in general relativity

We report a generalization of our earlier formalism [Pramana, 54, 663 (1998)] to obtain exact solutions of Einstein-Maxwell’s equations for static spheres filled with a charged fluid having anisotropic pressure and of null conductivity. Defining new variables: w=(4π/3)(ρ+ε)r ², u=4πξr ², v _r=4πp _r r ², v _⊥=4πp _⊥ r ²[ρ, ξ(=−(1/2)F ₁₄ F ¹⁴), p _r, p _⊥ being respectively the energy densities of matter and electrostatic fields, radial and transverse fluid pressures whereas ε denotes the eigenvalue of the conformal Weyl tensor and interpreted as the energy density of the free gravitational field], we have recast Einstein’s field equations into a form easy to integrate. Since the system is underdetermined we make the following assumptions to solve the field equations (i) u=v _r=(a ²/2κ)r ⁿ⁺², v _⊥=k ₁ v _r, w=k ₂ v _r; a ², n(>0), k ₁, k ₂ being constants with κ=((k ₁+2)/3+k ₂) and (ii) w+u=(b ²/2)r ⁿ⁺², u=v _r, v _⊥−v _r=k, with b and k as constants. In both cases the field equations are integrated completely. The first solution is regular in the metric as well as physical variables for all values of n>0. Even though the second solution contains terms like k/r ² since Q(0)=0 it is argued that the pressure anisotropy, caused by the electric flux near the centre, can be made to vanish reducing it to the generalized Cooperstock-de la Cruz solution given in [14]. The interior solutions are shown to match with the exterior Reissner-Nordstrom solution over a fixed boundary. Dedicated to Prof. F A E Pirani.     

A short range many-body potential for modelling bcc metals

The problem considered is the fitting of a many-body interaction potential to bulk crystal data. A parameterisation of the potential is assumed which is based on physical considerations. The free parameters are determined by using global optimization to perform a least squares fit, to a large number of crystal properties. This has been achieved for body centered cubic (bcc) materials. The approach adopted here fits the bcc crystal structure, as the preferred minimum energy configuration for tungsten, and also fits the dimer energetics and the elastic properties of crystalline tungsten.     

Ion plated indium oxide : infrared and optical study

The high optical transparency of ion plated indium oxide combined with their mechanical hardness and good environmental stability have opened up numerous applications in the line of sophisticated optoelectronic devices. Indium is evaporated at a low oxygen pressure on to an ordinary glass substrate mounted under the cathode and biased by a r.f. generator at 13,6 M Hz. Infrared spectra are recorded in the range 5000–200 cm^?1 by A.T.R. and reflexion-absorption spectroscopy, and show between 800 and 200 cm^?1 bands due to stretching and bending modes predicted by a factor group analysis. A tentative assignment is made of the highest frequency. Last U.V. and visible spectra are discussed.