A new Fenchel dual problem in vector optimization

We introduce a new Fenchel dual for vector optimization problems inspired by the form of the Fenchel dual attached to the scalarized primal multiobjective problem. For the vector primal-dual pair we prove weak and strong duality. Furthermore, we recall two other Fenchel-type dual problems introduced in the past in the literature, in the vector case, and make a comparison among all three duals. Moreover, we show that their sets of maximal elements are equal.     

On neutrino masses via CPT violating Higgs interaction in the Standard Model

The Lorentz invariant CPT   violation by using non-local interactions is naturally incorporated in the Higgs coupling to neutrinos in the Standard Model, without spoiling the basic SU_(2)L×U(1)$\mathit{SU}{(2)}_L\times U(1)$ gauge symmetry. The neutrino–antineutrino mass splitting is thus realized by the mechanism which was proposed recently, assuming the neutrino masses to be predominantly Dirac-type in the Standard Model.     

Ganglioside analysis in body fluids by liquid-phase separation techniques hyphenated to mass spectrometry

The expression of gangliosides in central nervous system is a few times higher than in the extraneural tissue, a characteristic highlighting their major role at this level. Although in very low amounts, gangliosides are ubiquitously distributed in body fluids too, where, depending on many factors, including pathological states, their composition fluctuates, thus having diagnostic value. Ganglioside investigation in biological fluids, which, except for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), may be sampled noninvasively, was for years impeded by the limited sensitivity of the analytical instrumentation available in glycomics. However, because the last decade has witnessed significant developments in biological mass spectrometry (MS) and the hyphenated separation techniques, marked by a major increase in sensitivity, reproducibility, and data reliability, ganglioside research started to be focused on biofluid analysis by separation techniques coupled to MS. In this context, our review presents the achievements in this emerging field of gangliosidomics, with a particular emphasis on modern liquid chromatography (LC), thin-layer chromatography, hydrophilic interaction LC, and ion mobility separation coupled to high-performance MS, as well as the results generated by these systems and allied experimental procedures in profiling and structural analysis of gangliosides in healthy or diseased body fluids, such as CSF, plasma/serum, and milk.