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51.
A method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) has been developed for analysis of mepivacaine in human serum. A procedure for isolation of mepivacaine and lidocaine (internal standard) from human serum by use of Chromosorb 104 (acrylonitrile–divinylbenzene polymer) as extraction adsorbent is described in detail. Analysis was performed by gas chromatography on an HP-INNOWax (cross-linked PEG) capillary column, with flame ionization detection, after splitless injection. Relative standard deviations ranged between 3.6 and 4.4 for a serum mepivacaine concentration of 0.5 g mL–1 and between 4.7 and 5.9 for a concentration of 1 g mL–1. Recoveries were approximately 95%. The method was applied in a stomatological clinic to healthy volunteers to whom anesthesia with mepivacaine was administered. 相似文献
52.
Molybdenum(VI) oxide, ammonium molybdate and molybdic acid reacted in molten sodium nitrite—potassium nitrite eutectic to form orthomolybdate, nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide (with nitrate as a secondary product), a more polymerised polymolybdate being formed as an intermediate product. Tungsten(VI) oxide reacted similarly but less rapidly. Molybdenum and tungsten metals reacted to form the orthoxyanion and nitrogen, the latter metal reacting considerably faster and forming smaller amounts of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide. Reaction temperatures and stoichiometries are given and reaction pathways suggested. 相似文献
53.
Mahmoud M. Al Omari Mohammad B. Zughul J. Eric D. Davies Adnan A. Badwan 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2006,54(3-4):159-164
Ternary complexes exploiting solubility synergism (SSn) between basic drugs and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in the presence of an organic hydoxy acid have been reported to provide the pharmaceutical technology with highly soluble ternary complexes, even with the least soluble β-CD. In this work, phase solubility techniques were used to study factors affecting SSn in aqueous solution, which may help in understanding the mechanism involved in ternary complex formation in solution, under equilibrium conditions. The equilibrium solubility of both β-CD and each of 8 structurally unrelated drugs were measured in tandem in the presence of different acid types at low and high pHs, and at different time intervals over a period of 1–40 days. The results indicate that SSn is evident regardless of acid type (organic and inorganic) at low pH, but the extent of SSn is acid type dependant and is limited by the drug salt solubility product constant (pK
sp). Among different drugs, no apparent trend exists between drug salt solubility and the extent of SSn, but lowering drug salt solubility by increasing pH depresses SSn. The results also reveal no apparent trend between the magnitude of the complex formation constant (K
ij) and SSn. For example, drugs of low K
ij values such as astemizole, cisapride and sildenafil do not show any SSn, yet ketotifen and pizotifen, which also have low K
ij values, exhibit substantial SSn. However, the solublizing power of β-CD represented by the slope of phase solubility diagram can be used as a marker for SSn (slopes exceeding 0.4 induce SSn). 相似文献
54.
[structure: see text] Alpha-phosphonozirconacyclopentenes or alpha-borylzirconacyclopentenes react by bromination, iodination, allylation, and propargylation to generate unique vinyl boronates and vinyl phosphonates not obtainable by other methods. The reaction proceeds in two steps, with both high regio- and stereoselectivity. With the vinyl boronates, the Zr-Csp2 bond is initially cleaved by 1 equiv of electrophile. With the phosphonates, either the Zr-Csp2 bond (allyl bromide, Br(2)) or the Zr-Csp3 bond (I(2), propargyl bromide) may be initially cleaved. The addition of a second equivalent of an electrophile results in disubstitution. 相似文献
55.
Three stereoisomers of a wax ester meromycolate have been prepared starting from mannitol. A detailed comparison of their NMR spectra with those reported for a homologous series of natural wax esters allows the relative configurations of the α-methyl group and adjacent trans-cyclopropane to be determined. 相似文献
56.
O. G. Al’tshuler L. A. Sapozhnikova G. N. Al’tshuler 《Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry》2006,79(8):1301-1305
New sulfonic cation exchangers based on immobilized calix[4]resorcinolarenes were prepared. Their ion-exchange properties toward Na+, Cu2+, [Pd(NH3)4]2+, In3+, and Sn4+ ions were studied in a wide pH range, and their chemical stability was examined. 相似文献
57.
S. A. Karamian N. V. Aksenov Yu. A. Al’bin A. G. Belov G. A. Bozhikov S. N. Dmitriev G. Ya. Starodub 《Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics》2014,78(5):367-372
Among nuclides, 195m Pt isomer is characterized by a number of properties that make it suitable for use in nuclear medicine. Effective ways of optimizing the Pt isomer yield at low impurity contents must be sought. The method based on double neutron capture by the 193Ir target nucleus with subsequent populating of 195m Pt through β decay allows chemical isolation of the isomer. In this work, the problem is analyzed, test experiments on Ir activation with neutrons are conducted, and theoretical estimates of the 195m Pt yield are presented. Full-scale model experiments on the IBR-2 reactor in Dubna should confirm the effectiveness of the method. 相似文献
58.
59.
60.
Rosenani A. Haque Abbas Washeel Salman Srinivasa Budagumpi Amirul Al‐Ashraf Abdullah Zena A. Abdul Hameed Al‐Mudaris Amin M. S. Abdul Majid 《应用有机金属化学》2013,27(8):465-473
A series of Ag(I) complexes ( 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ) derived from imidazol‐2‐ylidenes was synthesized by reacting Ag2O with an o‐, m‐, p‐xylyl or 1,3,5‐triazine‐linked imidazolium salts ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ) and then characterizing these using various spectro‐analytical techniques. Additionally, triazine‐linked bis‐imidazolium salt 5 was characterized using the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction method. Complexes 6–9 were formed from the N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand precursors 1–3 as PF6‐ salts in good yields. Conversely, salt 5 does not form Ag(I) complex even under various reaction conditions. Using ampicillin as a standard, complexes 6–9 were tested against bacteria strains Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria, respectively, showing potent antimicrobial activities against the tested bacteria even at minimum inhibition concentration and bacterial concentration levels. Furthermore, the potential anticancer activities of the reported complexes were evaluated against the human colorectal cancer (HCT 116) cell lines, using 5‐fluorouracil as a standard drug. The highest anticancer activities were observed for complex 8 with an IC50 value of 3.4 μm , whereas the lowest was observed for complex 9 with an IC50 value of 18.1 μm . Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献