Evaluation of protein content, lysine and sulfur-containing amino acids content and electrophoretic patterns of soluble proteins for gamma-irradiated semolina before and after milling of durum wheat

Influenced of gamma irradiation (0, 0.25, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 kGy) on total nitrogen, lysine and sulfur-containing amino acids content and electrophoretic patterns of soluble proteins of semolina was studied. The effect of irradiation before and after milling on previous parameters was also investigated. Protein content of semolina was not affected with gamma irradiation before and after milling. Up to 10 kGy dose, cystine and methionine were not significantly changed, although they increased slightly with increasing irradiation dose. Lysine content decreased significantly (P≤0.05) at irradiation dose higher than 5 kGy. At 10 kGy dose, lysine decreased 5% and 14% for irradiated semolina and that obtained from irradiated wheat grains, respectively. The bands number and intensity of soluble proteins decreased with increasing irradiation dose higher than 5 kGy, as shown on SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Irradiated semolina and semolina obtained from irradiated wheat grains at 10 kGy showed 13 and 15 bands, respectively. Unirradiated sample showed 19 bands.     

Efficient Synthesis and Reactions of New Functionally Substituted Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine Candidates

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of 2-hydrazinopyrido[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-4(3H)-one with different aryl aldehydes and active...     

Synthesis and characterization of novel 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine (HEPT) and dihydro-alkylthio-benzyloxopyrimidine (S-DABO) analogs containing a benzo[<Emphasis Type="Italic">d</Emphasis>]thiazol moiety

A series of novel dihydro-alkylthio-benzyloxopyrimidine (S-DABO) and 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy) methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine (HEPT) analogs bearing a (benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl moiety at the C⁶ position of the pyrimidine core have been synthesized. 5-Allyl-6-{(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl}-2-thiouracil and 5-allyl-6-{(benzo-[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl}uracil were alkylated to give, respectively, S²- and N¹- ethoxymethyl and -methylthiomethyl uracil derivatives. 5-Allyl-6-[(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl]-2-thiouracil was also alkylated by S² with methyl bromoacetate and hydrolyzed to the corresponding acid.     

Hydrazononitriles as Precursors for 4‐aminotriazoles and 3‐aminoisoxazoles: One Pot Synthesis of triazolo[1,5‐a]quinazoline Derivatives

The reaction of various hydrazononitriles with hydroxylamine hydrochloride yielded various products, namely, 3‐aminoisoxazolone, 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole and 4‐amino‐1,2,3‐triazole derivatives depending on the nature of substituents.     

Synthesis and characterization of novel 5-allyl-6-{(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)methyl}-2-(alkylsulfanyl)oxopyrimidine derivatives

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - A series of novel S-DABO analogues bearing thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine and pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine has been developed starting from...     

Green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles via bacterial cellulose (BC) produced from agricultural wastes

Cellulose - Bacterial cellulose (BC) produced from Achrmobacter sp. M15, was used to reduce titanium tetra isopropoxide into titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) via green process. Addition of...     

Magnetic ZnO Crystal Nanoparticle Growth on Reduced Graphene Oxide for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance under Visible Light Irradiation

Magnetite zinc oxide (MZ) (Fe₃O₄/ZnO) with different ratios of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized using the solid-state method. The structural and optical properties of the nanocomposites were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis/DRS), and photoluminescence (PL) spectrophotometry. In particular, the analyses show higher photocatalytic movement for crystalline nanocomposite (MZG) than MZ and ZnO nanoparticles. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) with crystalline ZnO for 1.5 h under visible light was 12%. By contrast, the photocatalytic activity for MZG was more than 98.5%. The superior photocatalytic activity of the crystalline nanocomposite was detected to be due to the synergistic effect between magnetite and zinc oxide in the presence of reduced graphene oxide. Moreover, the fabricated nanocomposite had high electron–hole stability. The crystalline nanocomposite was stable when the material was used several times.     

Synthesis and reactions of thiosemicarbazides, triazoles, and Schiff bases as antihypertensive α-blocking agents

Methyl 2-(thiazol-2-ylcarbamoyl)acetate was synthesized and used as starting material. It was treated with hydrazine hydrate to afford the hydrazide, which was reacted with nitromethane and formaldehyde to give the saturated nitropyrimidine. The hydrazide was reacted with phenyl isothiocyanate to afford the thiosemicarbazide, which was cyclized with ethyl bromoacetate, sodium hydroxide, or sulfuric acid to afford N-phenylthiazolidinone, N-phenyltriazole, and thiadiazolyl derivatives. The methyl 2-(thiazol-2-ylcarbamoyl)acetate was coupled with diazonium salts of aniline, 4-chloroaniline, 4-bromoaniline, or 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide to afford the carbamoyl acetates, which were reacted with 2-aminobenzimidazole, 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, and hydrazine hydrate to afford the corresponding thiazolylmalonamide, tetrachloroisoindolylimide, and tri-azole derivatives. Schiff bases and imides are newly synthesized candidates obtained via simple condensation of the hydrazide with aldehydes, 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic anhydride, or 1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride. The pharmacological screening showed that many of these compounds have good antihypertensive α-blocking activity and low toxicity.     

Synthesis,Reactions, and Pharmacological Activities of Some Pyrimidines Using (<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-Methylindolyl)acetic Acid as Synthon

Summary. A series of pyrimidinones, thienopyrimidines, and their derivatives were synthesized using N-methylindolyl acetic acid as a starting material. Sixteen new heterocyclics containing a pyrimidine ring were thus prepared. The pharmacological screening showed that many of these compounds have good analgesic and antiparkinsonian activities comparable to Voltarene^? and Benzatropine^? as reference drugs. The structure assignments of the new compounds based on chemical and spectroscopic evidence. The detailed synthesis, spectroscopic data, and pharmacological properties are reported.     

Synthesis, and analgesic and antiparkinsonian activities of thiopyrimidine, pyrane, pyrazoline, and thiazolopyrimidine derivatives from 2-chloro-6-ethoxy-4-acetylpyridine

A series of substituted pyridine derivatives were prepared from 2-chloro-6-ethoxy-4-acetylpyridine, which was prepared from the corresponding citrazinic acid as starting material. Reaction of acetylpyridine with thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde afforded the 2-chloro-6-ethoxy-4-β-(2-thienyl)acryloylpyridine, which was reacted with malononitrile in refluxing ethanol in the presence of piperidine as a catalyst to afford the cyanoaminopyrane derivative. Acryloylpyridine was treated with urea or guanidine hydrochloride in refluxing ethanolic potassium hydroxide to give the corresponding pyrimidinone and aminopyrimidine derivatives. The latter was condensed with hydrazine hydrate or phenyl hydrazine to give pyrazoline and N-phenylpyrazoline derivatives. Finally, cycloaddition reaction of acryloylpyridine with thiourea yielded thioxopyrimidine, which was treated with 2-bromopropionic acid, 3-bromopropionic acid, or bromoacetic acid to yield methylthiazolo-, thiazino-, and thiazolopyrimidine derivatives. The arylmethylene derivative was prepared by reacting thiazolopyrimidine with benzaldehyde or by reacting thioxopyrimidine with benzaldehyde and bromoacetic acid in one step. The pharmacological screening showed that many of these compounds have good analgesic and antiparkinsonian activities comparable to Valdecoxib^® and Benzatropine^® as reference drugs.