The Linear Stability of Shock Waves for the Nonlinear Schrödinger–Inviscid Burgers System

We investigate the coupling between the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the inviscid Burgers equation, a system which models interactions between short and long waves, for instance in fluids. Well-posedness for the associated Cauchy problem remains a difficult open problem, and we tackle it here via a linearization technique. Namely, we establish a linearized stability theorem for the Schrödinger–Burgers system, when the reference solution is an entropy-satisfying shock wave to Burgers equation. Our proof is based on suitable energy estimates and on properties of hyperbolic equations with discontinuous coefficients. Numerical experiments support and expand our theoretical results.     

Internal energy content of n-butylbenzene, bromobenzene, iodobenzene and aniline molecular ions generated by two-photon ionization at 266 nm. A photodissociation study

A technique to investigate photodissociation kinetics on a nanosecond time scale has been devised for molecular ions generated by multiphoton ionization (MPI) using mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry. The branching ratio or rate constant has been determined for the photodissociation of the n-butylbenzene, bromobenzene, iodobenzene, and aniline molecular ions generated by MPI at 266 nm. The ion internal energies have been estimated by comparing the measured kinetic data with the previous energy dependence data. The analysis has shown that only those molecular ions generated by two-photon ionization contribute to the photodissociation signals. Around half of the available energy has been found to remain as molecular ion internal energy in the two-photon ionization process. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Helical [110] gold nanowires make longer linear atomic chains

Quantum mechanical molecular dynamics shows that gold nanowires formed along the [110] direction reconstruct upon stress to form helical nanowires. The mechanism for this formation is discussed. These helical nanowires evolve on stretching to form linear atomic chains. Because helical nanowires do not form symmetrical tips, a requirement to stop the growth of atomic chains, these nanowires produce longer atomic chains than other nanowires. These results are obtained resorting to the use of tight-binding molecular dynamics and ab initio electronic structure calculations.     

An alternating direction scheme on a nonuniform mesh for reaction-diffusion parabolic problems

In this paper we develop a numerical method for two-dimensionaltime-dependent reaction-diffusion problems. This method, whichcan immediately be generalized to higher dimensions, is shownto be uniformly convergent with respect to the diffusion problems.This method, which can immediately be generalized to higherdimensions, is shown to be uniformly convergent with respectto the diffusion parameter.     

From potential to reality: Yeasts derived from ethanol production for animal nutrition

A chemical and radiochemical neutron activation analysis (CNAA/RNAA) method has been developed for the determination of three calcium isotopes (⁴⁸Ca,⁴⁶Ca, and⁴⁴Ca) in a single sample derived from urine. This method was developed in support of clinical research using a dual enriched stable isotope methodology to study bone mineralization in premature infants, juvenile rheumatoid arthritics, and cystic fibrosis. In these studies, one enriched isotope of calcium is administered orally, and one is administered intravenously. By making determinations of three isotopes (two enriched, one unenriched) within the same sample, the perturbation from natural isotopic ratios can be determined and used to calculate true absorption of calcium. In our method,⁴⁸Ca is determined via the⁴⁸Ca(n,γ)⁴⁹Ca reaction and 3084 keV gamma-ray,⁴⁶Ca via the⁴⁶Ca(n,γ)⁴⁷Ca reaction and 1296 keV gamma-ray, and⁴⁴Ca via the⁴⁴Ca(n,γ)⁴⁵Ca reaction and 256 keV (max) beta-particle. A pair of chemical separation steps are employed to separate calcium from urine as calcium oxalate with a yield in the range of 80–90%, and a radiochemical step is employed prior to the measurement of⁴⁵Ca to remove interfering radionuclides.     

Assessment of metal and trace element concentrations in the Cananéia estuary,Brazil, by neutron activation and atomic absorption techniques

Twenty six bottom sediment samples were collected from the Cananéia estuary in summer and winter of 2005. Multielemental analysis was carried out by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Total mercury was determined by cold vapor atomic absorption. As, Cr, Hg and Zn concentrations were compared to the Canadian oriented values (TEL and PEL). Sample points 4 and 9 presented higher concentration for most elements and As and Cr exceeded the TEL values. Organic matter (>10%) associated with siltic and clay sediments was observed. Climatic conditions, hydrodynamic and biogeochemical processes promote differences in seasonal concentrations of elements at some points, which contribute to special distributions.