Enhancement of Human γ-Interferon Production in Recombinant <Emphasis Type="Italic">E. coli</Emphasis> Using Batch Cultivation

Development of inexpensive and simple culture media and appropriate induction conditions are always favorable for industry. In this research, chemical composition and stoichiometric data for γ-interferon production and recombinant Escherichia coli growth were used in order to achieve a simple medium and favorable induction conditions. To achieve this goal, the effects of medium composition and induction conditions on the production of γ-interferon were investigated in batch culture of E. coli BL21 (DE3) [pET3a-ifnγ]. These conditions were considered as suitable conditions for the production of γ-interferon: 2.5× M9 medium, supplemented with a mixture of amino acids (milligram per liter), including glutamic acid 215, aspartic acid 250, lysine 160, and phenylalanine 90, and induction at late-log phase (OD₆₀₀ = 4.5). Under these conditions, dry cell weight of 6 ± 0.2 g/l and γ-interferon concentration of 2.15 ± 0.1 g/l were obtained. Later, without changing the concentration ratio of amino acids and glucose, the effect of increase in the primary glucose concentration on productivity of γ-interferon was investigated. It was found that 25 g/l glucose will result in maximum attainable biomass and recombinant human γ-interferon. At improved conditions, a dry cell weight of 14 ± 0.2 g/l, concentration and overall productivity of γ-interferon 4.2 ± 0.1 g/l and 420 ± 10 mg/l h, respectively, were obtained.     

Effect of G/M ratio on the radiation-induced degradation of sodium alginate

Radiation-induced degradation of sodium alginate (NaAlg) having different G/M ratios was investigated. NaAlg samples were irradiated with gamma rays in air at ambient temperature in the solid state at low dose rate. Change in their molecular weights was followed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Changes in their rheological properties and viscosity values as a function of temperature, shear rate and irradiation dose were also determined. Chain scission yields, G(S), and degradation rates were calculated. It was observed that G/M ratio was an important factor controlling the G(S) and degradation rate of sodium alginate.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous Titanosilicate as an Adsorbent for Toxic Metal Ions

Hexagonal mesoporous titanosilicates (Ti‐MCM‐41) have been prepared using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the structure directing agent under the mild alkaline conditions. Powder X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen gas sorption, FTIR spectroscopy and thermogravimetry analysis of samples have confirmed that well ordered MCM‐41 type mesoporous materials were prepared. The potential of removing toxic metal ions from waste waters using mesoporous titanosilicates was evaluated. Separation of Co^II‐U^VI, Cs^I‐U^VI and Sm^III‐U^VI has been developed on columns of this adsorbent.     

KHSO_4 as an Efficient Catalytic System for the Regiospecific Nitra-tion of Phenols with Metal Nitrates

Highly regiospecific mononitration of phenol and substituted phenols was accomplished employing a metal nitrate and a catalytic amount of KHSO₄ in acetonitrile. An exclusive ortho‐selectivity was observed with excellent yields. A variety of metal nitrates were used to obtain o‐nitrophenols exclusively in good to excellent yields. The use of KHSO₄ is key for the selectivity observed.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure,Spectroscopic, Electrochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Cu(II) Complex with the Mixed Ligands of 2,9‐Dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline and 4‐Hydroxypyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic Acid

A mononuclear Cu(II) complex with mixed ligands, formulated as [Cu(hypydc)(dmp)]·H₂O (hypydc=4‐hydroxypyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylate, dmp=2,9‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline), was synthesized and well characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, as well as spectroscopic (IR, UV‐Vis), and electrochemical methods. The Cu(II) atom exhibits a distorted square‐pyramidal geometry. Intermolecular O? H···O and C? H···O hydrogen bonds, π‐π stacking interactions and C? H···π interactions seem to be effective in the stabilization of the crystal structure. The complex was also evaluated for its antimicrobial activity using in vitro microdilution methods. Six standard bacteria and a strain of Candida albicans were used for the antimicrobial activities. There was a very strong activity against Candida albicans and significant activities against Enterococcus fecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, indicating important biological activities of the complex.     

Globally solving a class of optimal power flow problems in radial networks by tree reduction

We devise an algorithm for finding the global optimal solution of the so-called optimal power flow problem for a class of power networks with a tree topology, also called radial networks, for which an efficient and reliable algorithm was not previously known. The algorithm we present is called the tree reduction/expansion method, and is based on an equivalence between the input network and a single-node network. Finally, our numerical experiments demonstrate the reliability and robustness of our algorithm.     

Invariances of the Operator Properties of Frame Multipliers Under Perturbations of Frames and Symbol

Let Φ and Ψ be frames for ? and let M_m,Φ,Ψ be a frame multiplier with the symbol m. In this paper, we restrict our investigation to show that the operator properties of M_m,Φ,Ψ are stable under the perturbations of Φ, Ψ, and m. Also, special attention is devoted to the study of invertible frame multipliers.     

CFD analysis of an oscillating wing at various reduced frequencies

The effect of various reduced frequencies has been examined for an oscillating aspect ratio 10 NACA 0015 wing. An unsteady, compressible three‐dimensional (3D) Navier–Stokes code based on Beam and Warming algorithm with the Baldwin–Lomax turbulence model has been used. The code is validated for the study against published experimental data. The 3D unsteady flow field is simulated for reduced frequency values of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 for a fixed mean angle of attack position and fixed amplitude. The type of motion is sinusoidal harmonic. The force coefficients, pressure distributions and flow visualization show that at the given conditions the flow remains attached to the wing surface even at high angles of attack with no clear separation or typical light‐to‐deep category of dynamic stall. Increased magnitude of hysteresis and higher gradients are seen at higher reduced frequencies. The 3D effects are even found at midspan locations. In addition, the rate of decrease in lift near the wing tips compared with the wing root is not much like in the static cases. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.