A procedure for clean deposition of100Pd on surfaces

For a program of surface and interface experiments with the PAC isotope¹⁰⁰Pd, a procedure has been developed to chemically separate¹⁰⁰Pd from irradiated rhodium and deposit it on surfaces by evaporation under UHV conditions. First results have been obtained for¹⁰⁰Pd on an Ni(111) surface.     

Thermodynamic characterization of interpenetrating polymer networks of poly (carbonate-urethane) and poly (methyl methacrylate)

Crosslinked poly (methyl methacrylate) and poly (carbonate-urethane) as well as full interpenetrating network on their base (IPN) were characterized by precise heat capacity measurements in the temperature interval 1.2–150 K. As judged by the positive sign of the excess Gibbs free energy in the whole temperature interval above 30 K, the apparently single-phase state of IPN is thermodynamically unstable; however, its kinetic stability is ensured by permanent chamical crosslinks prohibiting the incipient phase separation. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Purification and characterization of gamma-enolase from various mammals.

The gamma subunit of enolase (gamma-enolase) was purified from the brain tissues of cow, dog, goat, pig, rabbit, and rat. The purification was achieved in only three steps: ammonium sulfate-precipitation, DE 53 cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in a preparative mode. The purification procedure was comparatively more simple than previously reported methods, and the yield of gamma-enolase was sufficient for subsequent structural and immunological analyses. In all mammals, the purified gamma-enolase migrated in sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE (SDS-PAGE) with a molecular mass of 46 kilodaltons (kDa), and the immunological cross-reactivity between those gamma-enolases was very strong. The structural homology of these gamma-enolases was examined by peptide mapping using cyanogen bromide cleavage and subsequent two-dimensional electrophoresis. The resulting peptide patterns were highly similar and in cow, dog, and goat, the patterns were almost identical. These results indicate that structural homology, that is, the species non-specificity of gamma-enolase, appears to be very high.     

Rheological and diffusion properties of a dextran-con A polymer in the presence of Insulin and Magnesium

Previous work carried out in our laboratories has focused on the formation and investigation of a dextran and concanavalin A (con A) based gel, which has the ability to alter its conformational structure in the presence and absence of free and terminal glucoses such that a gel–sol phase transition occurs. Here we report the diffusion and rheological investigations in to the effects of the addition of insulin and varyingconcentrations of magnesium chloride hexahydrate (Mg₂Cl₂6H₂O) at 20 and 37 °C. Rheological examination of glucose-sensitive (dextran-con A) gels were conducted using a cone and plate viscometer used in continual rotation and oscillatory modes. The results are interpreted in terms of the structure of the gel network and suggest rheological assessment provides an effective method of assessing the properties of gel systems. The subsequent testing of such formulations in in-vitro diffusion experiments revealed a reduction in the rate of diffusivity in the insulin marker, poly R-478 dye. The performance of this self-regulating drug delivery system has been examined and the addition of insulin and magnesium chloride may alter the way in which the gel operates as a drug delivery device and in the delivery of insulin. This may have implications for other ligands.     

Characterization of strongly interacted multiple cracks in an infinite plate

Based on the Kachanov method and the alternating iteration technique, a new method is proposed to deal with the problem of the strongly interacted multiple cracks in an infinite plate. Unlike the Kachanov method which neglects the interaction of the tractions of the non-uniform components, the tractions of the non-uniform components on the surfaces of cracks are considered through the alternating technique. The accuracy and efficiency of present method are validated by comparing the results of two collinear and two parallel overlapped open the cracks obtained by the present method with those of the exact solutions, the results of the Kachanov method and the alternating iteration technique. Applications of present method in solving sliding close crack problems and evaluating the plastic zones demonstrate the versatility of present method.     

Optical and neutron domain structure studies of amorphous ribbons

The domain configuration of amorphous ribbons with positive, vanishing and negative magnetostriction constant λ_s has been investigated by means of the longitudinal magneto-optical Kerr-effect and a three-dimensional neutron depolarization analysis. The influence of an external tensile stress on the domain arrangement depends on the sign and the magnitude of the magnetostriction constant and could be measured quantitatively in the depolarization experiment. With the aid of the optical observations domain models have been established; these models were tested and completed by means of an analytic calculation of the corresponding depolarization matrix and a comparison with experimental data. Domain reorientation processes within the ribbons under an imposed tensile stress were found to agree with theoretical predictions. The nearly nonmagnetostrictive alloys shows neither stripe domains nor simple wide domains but a more complicated structure with several layers of domains.     

Influence of Relative Permeability on the Stability Characteristics of Immiscible Flow in Porous Media

Relative permeability functions for immiscible displacements in porous media show a wide range of profiles. Although, this behavior is well known, its impact on the stability of the displacement process is unexplored. Our analysis clearly demonstrates for the first time that the viscous instability characteristics of two-phase flows are governed not only by their end point values, but are strongly dependent on the actual profile of relative permeability functions. Linear stability analysis predicts the capacity of the flow to develop large scale fingers which can result in substantial bypassing of the resident fluid. It is observed that relative permeability functions attributed to drainage processes yield a more unstable displacement as compared to functions related to imbibition processes. Moreover, instability is observed to increase for those relative permeability functions which result from increased wettability of the wetting fluid. High accuracy numerical simulations show agreement with these predictions and demonstrate how large amplitude viscous fingers result in significant bypassing for certain relative permeability functions. In the nonlinear regime, the finger amplitude grows at a rate ∝ t^1/2 initially, drops to t^1/4 at a later time and finally grows ∝ t. The basic mechanisms of finger interaction, however, are not substantially influenced by relative permeability functions.