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311.
The nonlinear evolution of thin liquid films dewetting near soft elastomeric layers is examined in this work. Evolution equations are derived by applying the lubrication approximation and assuming that van der Waals forces in the liquid cause the dewetting and that the solid can be described as a linear viscoelastic material. Two cases are examined: (i) a liquid layer resting on an elastomer bounded from below by a rigid substrate, and (ii) an elastomer overlying a thin liquid film bounded from below by a rigid substrate. Linear stability analysis is carried out to obtain asymptotic relations which are then compared against solutions of the full characteristic equations. In the liquid-on-solid case, numerical solutions of the evolution equations show that van der Waals forces cause thinning of the liquid film and thickening of the elastomeric solid beneath film depressions. Inclusion of a short-range repulsive force suggests that regular patterns may form in which ridges of fluid rest on depressions in the solid. In the solid-on-liquid case, the van der Waals forces cause the solid layer to break up before the liquid film can dewet. The results presented here support the idea that the dewetting of thin liquid films might be exploited to create topographically patterned surfaces on soft polymeric solids. 相似文献
312.
Room-temperature ionic liquids, particularly those based on substituted imidazolium cations, are currently being extensively studied for a variety of applications. Herein, we explore the suitability of several imidazolium salts in optical applications by carefully examining the electronic absorption and fluorescence behavior of these substances, generally believed to be transparent in most of the UV region and fully transparent in the visible region. It is shown that all imidazolium ionic liquids are characterized by significant absorption in the entire UV region and a long absorption tail that extends into the visible region. These absorption characteristics are attributed to the imidazolium moiety and its various associated structures. When excited in the UV or early part of the visible region, these liquids exhibit fluorescence, which covers a large part of the visible region and shows dramatic excitation wavelength dependence. The excitation wavelength dependent shift of the fluorescence maximum has been rationalized taking into consideration the existence of the various associated structures of the ionic liquids and the inefficiency of the excitation energy-transfer process between them. The results imply that these liquids may have serious drawbacks in some of the optical studies. 相似文献
313.
R. S. Tewari A. Awasthi A. K. Srivastava M. Kumar 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1984,22(8):1875-1882
The ylide 4-picolinium, p-chloro phenacylide-initiated thermal polymerization of ethyl methacrylate (EMA) was studied. 4-Picolinium p-chloro phenacylide induces the thermal polymerization of ethyl methacrylate at 65°C. The rate of polymerization (Rp) rose as the initiator concentration increased from 2 × 10?3 to 4 × 10?3 M and the initiating exponent was computed as 1.9. The Rp decreased as the concentration of ylide increased from 6 × 10?2 to 1M. The greater initiator concentration also affected the molecular weight inversely. The polymerization was carried out at different temperatures and the overall activation energy was computed as 4.08 Kcal/mol. Polymerization was inhibited in the presence of hydroquinone as a radical scavenger. Kinetic studies and other data show that the overall polymerization takes place in a radical mechanism. The various kinetic parameters, such as the rate and average degree of polymerization, molecular weight, and energy of activation of the present system, were evaluated. 相似文献
314.
Xinhao Yang Naresh Kumar Hua Chi D. Brynn Hibbert Peter W. Alexander 《Electroanalysis》1997,9(7):549-553
Three double-armed diazacrown ethers with two thiophene side groups, 7,16-dithenyl-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane (DTDC), 7,16-dithenoyl-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane (DTODC), and 7,16-di-(2-thiopheneacetyl)-1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane (DTAODC), have been synthesized and used as novel neutral lead(II) ionophores in ion selective electrode applications. The relationship between the molecular structure of these ionophores and electrochemical properties (linear range, response time, selectivity) of the membrane electrode is discussed. The optimum conditions for the preparation of the electrodes are described. The optimized dithenoyldiazacrown had a detection limit of pPb = 5.7, and Nernstian range with slope 29.2 mV decade−1 from pPb = 5.0 to 2.7. Mercury and silver ions are the major interferences. These electrodes are applied to potentiometric titrations of lead(II) ions and show promise for the determination of lead ions in water samples. 相似文献
315.
Choudary BM Chowdari NS Jyothi K Kumar NS Kantam ML 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2002,(6):586-587
A new bifunctional catalyst consisting of active palladium and osmium species anchored on silica gel through a mercaptopropyl spacer and a cinchona alkaloid respectively has been prepared for the first time and used in the heterogeneous tandem Heck-asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins to afford diols with excellent yields and enantiomeric excesses (ee's) in presence of N-methylmorpholine N-oxide or K3Fe(CN)6 as cooxidants. 相似文献
316.
A new alternative system for the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones with DMSO/N2H4.H2O/I2/H2O/CH3CN in hydrated media has been developed. The system also selectively oxidizes the secondary alcoholic groups to the corresponding ketones in the presence of primary alcoholic groups present within the same molecule in moderate to very good yields at reflux temperature. 相似文献
317.
Gupta Madan Mohan Srivastava Alpana Tripathi Arvind Kumar Misra Himanshu Verma Ram Kishore 《平面色谱法杂志一现代薄层色谱法》2006,19(4):282-287
JPC – Journal of Planar Chromatography – Modern TLC - High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) has been used for normal-phase separation of the components of hexane,... 相似文献
318.
319.
Biswanath Das D. Nandan Kumar Keetha Laxminarayana B. Ravikanth 《Helvetica chimica acta》2007,90(7):1330-1334
The synthesis of 14‐aryl‐ or 14‐alkyl‐14H‐dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes 3 involving the treatment of naphthalen‐2‐ol ( 1 ) with arenecarboxaldehydes or alkanals 2 in the presence of HClO4?SiO2 as a heterogeneous catalyst was achieved (Table 1), and this reaction was extended to the preparation of N‐[(2‐hydroxynaphthalen‐1‐yl)methyl]amides 5 by a three‐component reaction with urea ( 4a ) or an amide 4b – d as a third reactant (Table 2). 相似文献
320.
A novel methodology for the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of amino alcohol derivatives from allylalcohols/ethers via intramolecular nucleophilic participation by the sulfilimine moiety is disclosed. The sulfilimine moiety is stereospecifically transformed to a sulfinyl moiety with an inverted configuration. The reaction is general and affords highly functionalised products. 相似文献