全文获取类型
收费全文 | 242629篇 |
免费 | 2787篇 |
国内免费 | 872篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 130452篇 |
晶体学 | 3688篇 |
力学 | 9897篇 |
综合类 | 2篇 |
数学 | 27089篇 |
物理学 | 75160篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 1784篇 |
2019年 | 2046篇 |
2018年 | 2495篇 |
2017年 | 2412篇 |
2016年 | 3841篇 |
2015年 | 2612篇 |
2014年 | 3916篇 |
2013年 | 11189篇 |
2012年 | 8079篇 |
2011年 | 10018篇 |
2010年 | 6581篇 |
2009年 | 6477篇 |
2008年 | 8987篇 |
2007年 | 9133篇 |
2006年 | 8375篇 |
2005年 | 7833篇 |
2004年 | 6987篇 |
2003年 | 6205篇 |
2002年 | 6136篇 |
2001年 | 7196篇 |
2000年 | 5357篇 |
1999年 | 4218篇 |
1998年 | 3548篇 |
1997年 | 3577篇 |
1996年 | 3288篇 |
1995年 | 3128篇 |
1994年 | 2944篇 |
1993年 | 3000篇 |
1992年 | 3293篇 |
1991年 | 3327篇 |
1990年 | 3143篇 |
1989年 | 3098篇 |
1988年 | 3159篇 |
1987年 | 3029篇 |
1986年 | 2923篇 |
1985年 | 3985篇 |
1984年 | 4145篇 |
1983年 | 3399篇 |
1982年 | 3749篇 |
1981年 | 3645篇 |
1980年 | 3517篇 |
1979年 | 3551篇 |
1978年 | 3777篇 |
1977年 | 3606篇 |
1976年 | 3814篇 |
1975年 | 3387篇 |
1974年 | 3516篇 |
1973年 | 3819篇 |
1972年 | 2327篇 |
1971年 | 1786篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
941.
R. Lü H. Pan J.-L. Zhu B.-L. Gu 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2002,26(4):479-491
The tunneling of a giant spin at excited levels is studied theoretically in mesoscopic magnets with a magnetic field at an
arbitrary angle in the easy plane. Different structures of the tunneling barriers can be generated by the magnetocrystalline
anisotropy, the magnitude and the orientation of the field. By calculating the nonvacuum instanton solution explicitly, we
obtain the tunnel splittings and the tunneling rates for different angle ranges of the external magnetic field ( θ
H = π/2 and π/2 < θ
H < π). The temperature dependences of the decay rates are clearly shown for each case. It is found that the tunneling rate
and the crossover temperature depend on the orientation of the external magnetic field. This feature can be tested with the
use of existing experimental techniques.
Received 12 March 2001 and Received in final form 18 October 2001 相似文献
942.
The QQ mass spectrometer is shown to be applicable to ion structure determination via collision-induced dissociations of mass-selected ions. The instrument can be scanned so as to record the products of dissociation as well as those of ion—molecule association reactions. The dissociations correspond to those observed at high kinetic energy in mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometers and the association reactions show parallels with reactions seen in ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy and in high-pressure mass spectrometry 相似文献
943.
944.
Boxman R.L. Goldsmith S. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》1989,17(5):661-665
A model is formulated and evaluated for a Uniform electrical discharge sustained in vapor evaporated from an arc-heated anode. The plasma potential is positive with respect to both the cathode and anode. For a Cu anode, the anodic vapor dominates the plasma for current densities exceeding 8 kA/m2. The anode heating potential is approximately 6.5 V, and the dominant cooling mechanism is evaporation for current densities exceeding 20 kA/m2. Over the range 10 to 10000 kA/m2, the electron density increases from 8×1017 to 5×1023 m-3, while the ionization fraction rises from 0.3% to 4%. At the lower end of this current range the electrical resistivity of 4 mΩ-m is determined primarily by electron-neutral collisions, while with increasing current the resistivity decreases to 0.7 mΩ-m, with electron-ion collisions contributing an equal share. This hot-anode vacuum arc may have potential for industrial application as a macroparticle-free high-deposition-rate coating source 相似文献
945.
How can the basic compatibility of theory and observations be investigated for nonlinear processes without requiring stochastic characterizations for residual error terms? The present paper proposes a flexible least-cost approach. For each possible estimatex for the sequence of process states, letc D (x) andx M(x) denote the costs incurred for deviations away from the prior dynamic specifications and prior measurement specifications, respectively. Define the cost-efficiency frontier to be the greatest lower bound for the set of all possible cost pairs [c D (x),c M(x)], conditional on the given observations. State sequence estimatesx that attain the cost-efficiency frontier indicate the possible ways that the actual process could have developed over time in a manner minimally incompatible with the prior dynamic and measurement specifications. An algorithm is developed for the exact sequential updating of the cost-efficient state sequence estimates as the duration of the process increases and additional observations are obtained. 相似文献
946.
947.
T. Gühne V. Gottschalch G. Leibiger H. Herrnberger J. Kovác J. Kovác Jr. R. Schmidt-Grund B. Rheinländer D. Pudis 《Laser Physics》2006,16(3):441-446
In this paper, we report on the design and optical properties of laser diodes with an emission wave-length of ~1170 nm based on an (InGa)As/GaAs double quantum well active layer. The back and front facet of the laser diodes were coated with SiOx dielectric films that influence the output optical power by enhancing or lowering the facet reflectivity. The measurements show improvement of the facet-coated laser diode properties in the threshold-current-density reduction along with light output power enhancement. Furthermore, a narrow far field pattern and high side mode suppression have been observed. 相似文献
948.
Dimensional analysis is presented as a powerful tool in the study of the paste boriding process. In particular, a dimensional method is used to study the growth kinetics of the boride layers FeB and Fe2B. Experiments were performed in AISI 1045 steel and AISI M2 steel, to test the suggested model. Samples of 1045 steel were prepared and treated using boron paste thickness of 3-5 mm, at temperatures of 1193, 1223 and 1273 K, with 2, 4 and 6 h of treatment time. The M2 specimens had boron paste thickness of 3 and 4 mm and temperatures of 1223, 1253 and 1273 K for 2 and 6 h. Results indicate that the growth of boron layers obeys power laws of the form y = αxβ, where α and β constants are a function of the material and the interface of interest. Validation of the model was carried out using experimental data with an average error percentage of 7.6% for Fe2B in 1045 steel, 15.8% for FeB and 3.4% for Fe2B in M2 steel. 相似文献
949.
Corrosion-related defects of pure iron were investigated by measuring Doppler broadening energy spectra (DBES) of positron annihilation and positron annihilation lifetime (PAL). Defect profiles of the S-parameter from DBES as a function of positron incident energy up to 30 keV (i.e. ∼1 μm depth) were analyzed. The DBES data show that S-parameter increases as a function of positron incident energy (mean depth) after corrosion, and the increase in the S-parameter is larger near the surface than in the bulk due to corrosion. Furthermore, information on defect size from PAL data as a function of positron incident energy up to 10 keV (i.e. ∼0.2 μm depth) was analyzed. In the two-state trapping model, the lifetime τ2 = 500 ps is ascribed to annihilation of positrons in voids with a size of the order of nanometer. τ1, which decreases with depth from the surface to the bulk, is ascribed to the annihilation of positrons in dislocations and three-dimensional vacancy clusters. The corroded samples show a significant increase in τ1 and the intensity I2, and near the surface the corroded iron introduces both voids and large-size three-dimensional vacancy clusters. The size of vacancy clusters decreases with depth. 相似文献
950.
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - 相似文献