全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1992篇 |
免费 | 61篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1534篇 |
晶体学 | 21篇 |
力学 | 28篇 |
数学 | 140篇 |
物理学 | 335篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 38篇 |
2021年 | 46篇 |
2020年 | 44篇 |
2019年 | 38篇 |
2018年 | 34篇 |
2017年 | 28篇 |
2016年 | 61篇 |
2015年 | 60篇 |
2014年 | 59篇 |
2013年 | 115篇 |
2012年 | 144篇 |
2011年 | 189篇 |
2010年 | 108篇 |
2009年 | 113篇 |
2008年 | 147篇 |
2007年 | 164篇 |
2006年 | 125篇 |
2005年 | 116篇 |
2004年 | 77篇 |
2003年 | 67篇 |
2002年 | 58篇 |
2001年 | 29篇 |
2000年 | 19篇 |
1999年 | 22篇 |
1998年 | 20篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
1961年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2058条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
11.
12.
We address in this paper the problem of finding an optimal strategy for dealing with bottleneck machines and bottleneck parts in the cell formation process in group technology. Three types of economic decisions are considered: subcontracting, machine duplication and intercell moves. The problem is formulated as a minimum weighted node covering problem in a hypergraph, and we show that it can be solved in polynomial time by finding a maximum weighted stable set in a bipartite graph. We extend this result to cellular manufacturing systems in which the sequence of operations of each part is known in advance. 相似文献
13.
The intention of the research reported here was to seek explanations for low achievement in school mathematics, as conventionally assessed, that derive from broad understandings of mathematics as social. Such a broad social perspective can provide explanations for low achievement, which could lead to different understandings and hence to different teaching approaches. This study centered on 5- to 8-year-old children from a White working-class area in England. Data were collected during visits to the children in school, in their homes, and in the broader community over a 3-year period. Parents, teachers, and other professionals in the broad school context were interviewed, and data were also collected from school documents and policy statements. Interpretations of these data in terms of ways of understanding children's achievements in school mathematics are put forward. The potential effects of these factors on low schooled numeracy attainment are discussed, together with some possible strategic implications for practice and policy. 相似文献
14.
J. L. Souza A. F. Santos L. Polese Marisa S. Crespi C. A. Ribeiro 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2007,87(3):673-677
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), PHB has been structurally
modified through reaction with maleic anhydride, MA. Transesterification reaction
was carried out fixing the PHB and MA and besides time and temperature the
concentration of the triethylamine (used as catalyst) was changed. Glass transition,
melting and crystallization temperature obtained from DSC curves and thermal
degradation temperatures obtained from TG traces were used to evaluate the
influence of the reaction conditions on the modification of PHB according
to factorial design. On the base of the results the optimum conditions are
to perform the PHB modification reaction with MA reaction at 110°C for
1 h with 5% v/v triethylamine. 相似文献
15.
Martin G Banwell Alison J Edwards Gwion J Harfoot Katrina A Jolliffe 《Tetrahedron》2004,60(3):535-547
An enantiomerically pure cis-1,2-dihydrocatechol, which is readily obtained via a toluene dioxygenase-mediated dihydroxylation of toluene in a whole-cell biotransformation process, has been converted over 17 steps into the linear triquinane (−)-hirsutene. Since the enantiomer of the starting material is also available this work constitutes a formal total synthesis of the naturally occurring (+)-form of hirsutene. Furthermore, minor modifications of the route used here offer the possibility of accessing (+)-hirsutene from the original starting material. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
The use of allyl protecting group mediated intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD) as a strategy for intramolecular glycosylation has been extended to allow the stereoselective synthesis of α-glucofuranosides and β-rhamnopyranosides, in a totally stereoselective fashion. The efficiency of intramolecular glycosylation is dependent on the protecting group pattern of the glycosyl donor, and on the steric bulk of the glycosyl acceptor. 相似文献
19.
Dendritic molecular capsules for hydrophobic compounds 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Morgan MT Carnahan MA Immoos CE Ribeiro AA Finkelstein S Lee SJ Grinstaff MW 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2003,125(50):15485-15489
Reichardt's dye, a highly solvatochromic dye, was encapsulated within poly (glycerol succinic acid) ([Gn]-PGLSA-OH) dendrimers to investigate the interior environment of these dendritic macromolecules. The absorption maximum for the encapsulated Reichardt's dye in water was indicative of a relatively high dielectric constant present within the dye/dendrimer complex. (1)H NMR of the encapsulated complex showed the presence of aromatic protons from Reichardt's dye along with the aliphatic protons of the dendrimer. Additionally, there were substantial changes in T(1) and T(2) times of the encapsulated dye when compared with the free dye, and (1)H NOESY spectra for the complex showed a significant number of intermolecular NOE cross-peaks. These data reveal the close through-space proximity of the dye to the dendrimer and the restricted motion of the encapsulated dye. To demonstrate the potential use of these macromolecules as drug delivery vehicles, the poorly water-soluble anticancer drug 10-hydroxycamptothecin (10HCPT) was encapsulated within a carboxylated PGLSA dendrimer ([G4]-PGLSA-COONa). Cytotoxicity assays with human breast cancer cells showed a significant reduction of cell viability, demonstrating that 10HCPT retains activity upon encapsulation. 相似文献
20.
Determination of fluquinconazole, pyrimethanil, and clofentezine residues in fruits by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A simple method was developed for the determination of fluquinconazole, pyrimethanil, and clofentezine in whole fruit; peel; and pulp of mango, apple, and papaya. These compounds were extracted from fruit samples with a mixture of ethyl acetate-n-hexane (1 + 1, v/v). An aliquot (2 mL) of the extract was evaporated to near dryness under a stream of nitrogen, and the residue was dissolved with 2 mL methanol. The analysis was performed by means of liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection at 254 nm using a gradient solvent system. The method was validated with fortified fruit samples at concentration levels of 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.50 mg/kg. Average recoveries (4-8 replicates) ranged from 80 to 95% with relative standard deviations between 3.5 and 12.7%. Detection limits ranged from 0.03 to 0.05 mg/kg for fruit pulp and 0.03 mg/kg for whole fruit. The quantitation limits ranged from 0.05 to 0.10 mg/kg for fruit pulp and 0.05 mg/kg for whole fruit. The analytical method was applied to fruit samples obtained from local markets. 相似文献