Squeezing in multimode Schrödinger cat states

Multimode generalization of Schrödinger cat states of light is discussed. Two-mode Schrödinger cat states are considered as an example. Squeezing in even and odd coherent states of a two-mode field is studied.     

The system of generalized vector equilibrium problems with applications

In this paper, we introduce the system of generalized vector equilibrium problems which includes as special cases the system of generalized implicit vector variational inequality problems, the system of generalized vector variational and variational-like inequality problems and the system of vector equilibrium problems. By using a maximal element theorem, we establish existence results for a solution of these systems. As an application, we derive existence results for a solution of a more general Nash equilibrium problem for vector-valued functions.     

Numerical study of boundary layer transition in flowing film evaporation on horizontal elliptical cylinder

A numerical study of the onset of longitudinal transition between turbulent and laminar regimes during the evaporation of a water film is presented. These water film streams along a horizontal elliptical tube under the simultaneous effects of gravity, pressure gradients, caused by the vapor flow and curvature, and viscous forces. At the interface of water vapor, the shear stress is supposed to be negligible. Outside the boundary layer, the vapor phase velocity is obtained from potential flow. In the analysis Von Karmans turbulence model is used and the inertia and convection terms are retained. Transfers equations are discretised by using the implicit Keller method. The effects of an initial liquid flow rate per unit of length, Froude number, temperature difference between the wall and the liquid–vapor interface and ellipticity on the transition position have been evaluated. The transition criterion has been given in term of the critical film Reynolds number (Re)_C.     

Novel 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroquinazolinones via Reaction of 2‐Amino‐N‐substituted Benzamides and Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate

Reaction of 2‐amino‐N‐substituted benzamides and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) in the presence of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) in H₂O at room temperature led to the formation of novel 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinazolinones.     

Simple and rapid synthesis of ternary polyaniline/titanium oxide/graphene by simultaneous TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> generation and aniline oxidation as hybrid materials for supercapacitor applications

This paper reports a simple methodology for the synthesis of a polyaniline/titanium oxide/graphene hybrid (Pani/TiO₂/GN) using a simple methodology, and their application as a supercapacitor electrode material for energy storage. The Pani/TiO₂/GN hybrid was prepared by a simple approach by simultaneous generation of Pani and TiO₂ in situ from aniline and titanium iso-propoxide, respectively, in the presence of GN under ice bath conditions. The incorporation of GN improved the electrical conductivity of Pani and helped to decrease the charge transfer resistance, whereas TiO₂ generation by an in situ method increased the surface area considerably and enhanced the capacitance of the Pani/TiO₂/GN hybrid. TEM showed that Pani and TiO₂ were well incorporated and coated on the GN successfully. The shift of the peaks in the FTIR spectrum and XRD pattern of the Pani/TiO₂/GN hybrid compared to their pure counterparts suggested that TiO₂ and Pani had been perfectly coated on the GN, and there was a strong interaction among Pani, GN, and TiO₂ particles. The electrochemical performance of the as-prepared Pani/TiO₂/GN hybrid electrode showed a high specific capacitance of 403.2 F g^?1 at a current density of 2 A g^?1 and excellent cycling stability for up to 1000 cycles. This suggested that the effective incorporation of GN and TiO₂ into Pani and the high surface area could simultaneously increase the electrochemical capacitance and cyclic stability of the Pani/TiO₂/GN hybrid, leading to superior electrochemical performance.

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Graphical abstract The electrochemical performance of as-prepared Pani/TiO₂/GN hybrid electrode showed a high specific capacitance of 403.2 F g^?-1 at a current density of 2 A g^?-1 and excellent cycling stability for up to 1000 cycles. This suggested that the effective incorporation of GN and TiO₂ into Pani and the high surface area could simultaneously increase the electrochemical capacitance and cycle stability of the Pani/TiO₂/GN hybrid, leading to superior electrochemical performance.

     

Existence of Solutions and Algorithms for Bilevel Vector Equilibrium Problems: An Auxiliary Principle Technique

The main goal of this paper is to introduce and study bilevel vector equilibrium problems. We first establish some existence results for solutions of vector equilibrium problems and mixed vector equilibrium problems. We study the existence of solutions of bilevel vector equilibrium problems by considering a vector Thikhonov-type regularization procedure. By using this regularization procedure and existence results for mixed vector equilibrium problems, we establish some existence results for solutions of bilevel vector equilibrium problems. By using the auxiliary principle, we propose an algorithm for finding the approximate solutions of bilevel vector equilibrium problems. The strong convergence of the proposed algorithm is also studied.     

光纤传感器测量FRP加固结构的损伤

A distributed fiber optic sensor is developed for condition monitoring of civil infrastructure sys-tems. The fiber optic sensor is especially useful in applications involving structures strengthened by fiberreinforced polymer (FRP) composites. The sensor principles are simple and therefore, practical for detec-tion of cracks, debonding and deformation measurements. Structural monitoring capability of the sensor     

Isoelectric focusing in a drop

A novel approach to molecular separations is investigated using a technique termed droplet-based isoelectric focusing. Drops are manipulated discretely on a superhydrophobic surface, subjected to low voltages for isoelectric focusing, and split-resulting in a preparative separation. A universal indicator dye demonstrates the generation of stable, reversible pH gradients (3-10) in ampholyte buffers, and these gradients lead to protein focusing within the drop length. Focusing was visually characterized, spectroscopically verified, and assessed quantitatively by noninvasive light scattering measurements. It was found to correlate with a quantitative model based on 1D steady-state theory. This work illustrates that molecular separations can be deployed within a single open drop, and the differential fractions can be separated into new discrete liquid elements.     

Horse radish peroxidase immobilized polyaniline for hydrogen peroxide sensor

Horse radish peroxidase (HRP) has been electrochemically entrapped into perchlorate (ClO) doped polyaniline (PANI) film deposited onto indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO) coated glass plate. This HRP‐PANI‐ClO/ITO bioelectrode characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV‐Visible spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques has been utilized for estimation of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). This H₂O₂ sensor exhibits response time of 5 s, linearity from 3 to 136 mM, sensitivity as 0.5638 µA mM^?1 cm^?2 with linear regression of 0.985. The value of the Michaelis–Menten constant (K_m) has been obtained as 1.984 mM. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.