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991.
992.
Hamid Reza Safaei Mohsen Shekouhy Athar Shirinfeshan Sudabeh Rahmanpur 《Molecular diversity》2012,16(4):669-683
CaCl2 is applied as an efficient reusable and eco-friendly bifunctional catalyst for the one-pot three-component synthesis of 4H-pyrans under ultrasonic irradiation. A broad range of substrates including the aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes, indoline-2,3-dione (isatin) derivatives, acenaphthylene-1,2-dione (acenaphthenequinone) and 2, 2-dihydroxy-2H-indene-1,3-dione (ninhydrin) were condensed with carbonyl compounds possessing a reactive ??-methylene group and alkylmalonates. All reactions are completed in short times, and the products are obtained in good to excellent yields. The catalyst could be recycled and reused several times without any loss of efficiency. 相似文献
993.
A. El Allati M. El Baz Y. Hassouni A. Kassou Ou Ali F. Saif 《Journal of Russian Laser Research》2011,32(2):177-187
We suggest a model where the influence of an environment on the atom interference is associated with a random phase. The model
consists of sending a two-level state atom through two cavities, both containing a standing wave field in the Bragg regime
and Raman–Nath regime, respectively. In view of this model, we can visualize the loss of interference fringes if the randomness
of the phase increases, and the restoration of the pattern when it decreases, as which-path information. Then, the controllable
random noise acts as a decoherence that would destroy the quantum features. 相似文献
994.
Fadela Iftene Ghislain David Bernard Boutevin Rémi Auvergne Ali Alaaeddine Rachid Meghabar 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2012,50(12):2432-2443
Three new vinyl ether monomers containing phosphonate moieties were synthesized from transetherification reaction. We showed that the yield was dependent on the spacer length between the vinyl oxy group and the phosphonate moieties: when the spacer is a single methylene side reaction may occur, leading to the formation of acetal compounds. Free‐radical copolymerizations of phosphonate‐containing vinyl ether monomers with maleic anhydride were carried out, leading to alternated copolymers of rather low molecular weights (from 1000 to 7000 g/mol). Both gel permeation chromatography and 31P NMR analyses enhanced possible intramolecular transfer reactions occurring from the phosphonate moieties. Kinetic investigation showed that the electron‐withdrawing character of the phosphonate moieties tends to decrease the rate of copolymerization. Nevertheless, almost complete monomers conversion was reached after 30 min of reaction with dimethyl vinyloxyethylphosphonate (VEC2PMe). Then, radical copolymerization of VEC2PMe with a series of electron‐accepting monomers, that is, dibutyl maleate, dibutylitaconate, itaconic anhydride, butyl maleimide, and methyl maleimide, led to a series of alternated copolymers. From kinetic investigation, we showed that the higher the electron‐accepting effect, the faster the vinyl ether consumption and the higher the molecular weights. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012 相似文献
995.
In this paper, the problem of unsteady flow induced by a shrinking sheet with mass transfer in a rotating fluid is studied. The transformed boundary layer equations are solved numerically by an implicit finite‐difference scheme known as the Keller‐box method. The influence of rotation, unsteadiness and mass suction parameters on the reduced skin friction coefficients f″(0) and g′(0), as well as the lateral velocity and velocity profiles are presented and discussed in detail. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
996.
Heck cross-coupling reactions of 2,3-dichloropyrazine provide a convenient approach to 2,3-dialkenyl-, 2-alkenyl-3-alkyl-, and 2,3-dialkylpyrazines depending on the reaction conditions. 相似文献
997.
Ali Maghzi Ali Mohebbi Riyaz Kharrat Mohammad Hossein Ghazanfari 《Transport in Porous Media》2011,87(3):653-664
It is well known that the oil recovery is affected by wettability of porous medium; however, the role of nanoparticles on
wettability alteration of medium surfaces has remained a topic of debate in the literature. Furthermore, there is a little
information of the way dispersed silica nanoparticles affect the oil recovery efficiency during polymer flooding, especially,
when heavy oil is used. In this study, a series of injection experiments were performed in a five-spot glass micromodel after
saturation with the heavy oil. Polyacrylamide solution and dispersed silica nanoparticles in polyacrylamide (DSNP) solution
were used as injected fluids. The oil recovery as well as fluid distribution in the pores and throats was measured with analysis
of continuously provided pictures during the experiments. Sessile drop method was used for measuring the contact angles of
the glass surface at different states of wettability after coating by heavy oil, distilled water, dispersed silica nanoparticles
in water (DSNW), polyacrylamide solution, and DSNP solution. The results showed that the silica nanoparticles caused enhanced
oil recovery during polymer flooding by a factor of 10%. The distribution of DSNP solution during flooding tests in pores
and throats showed strong water-wetting of the medium after flooding with this solution. The results of sessile drop experiments
showed that coating with heavy oil, could make an oil-wet surface. Coating with distilled water and polymer solution could
partially alter the wettability of surface to water-wet and coating with DSNW and DSNP could make a strongly water-wet surface. 相似文献
998.
Nano-TiO2 as an eco-friendly and efficient nanocatalyst was applied for quinoxaline preparation with improved yield.In this protocol,diketones and 1,2-diamines were condensed in the presence of catalyst at room temperature. 相似文献
999.
Ramadan M. Ali 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》2009,48(5):1454-1458
A regular static interior solution of Einstein’s field equations representing a perfect fluid cylinder of finite radius is
presented. The solution is matched to the Levi-Civita vacuum solution at a boundary where the pressure vanishes. The density
and pressure are finite and positive inside the cylinder for a specific range of the mass parameter. The solution could thus
represent a reasonable source for the Levi-Civita metric. 相似文献
1000.
Mohamad Javad Tahmasebi Birgani Fatemeh Seif Nahid Chegeni Mohamad Reza Bayatiani 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2012,292(3):1367-1370
In consideration the radiological properties of materials and studying the scattering processes in atomic and nuclear physics,
the effective atomic and mass numbers is widely employed. These numbers have been calculated for any mixed or composite materials
in interaction with high energy photons (Linac in radiation therapy). A pair equation in terms of these numbers is obtained.
The first equation has been derived from the conservation of mass energy law and the second by minimizing the binding energy
from the semiempirical mass formula (Myers and Swiatecki formula) that gives a relation between atomic and mass numbers for
stable nuclei approximately. By these equations one can obtain the effective atomic and mass numbers for any compound or mixed
materials uniquely. These numbers are calculated for some materials and compared with the other studies. 相似文献