1, 3-azaphospholo[5, 1-b]thiazolines and benzothiazoles

The title compounds 3 and 7 are novel heterocyclic systems incorporating two-coordinate phosphorus. They are obtained in reasonable to good yields from the condensation of suitable 2-ethyl-3-alkylthiazolinium and -benzothiazolium bromides 2 and 6 with phosphorus trichloride in the presence of triethylamine in an aprotic solvent. Intermediate dichlorophosphino-substituted N-ylides can be observed or isolated in some cases. From a 2-methyl-3-alkylthiazolinium bromide ( 2a ), a 1-(dichlorophosphino) substituted 1, 3-azaphospholo[5,1-b]thiazoline ( 4 ) was obtained. The chemical shift of the two-coordinate phosphorus in 1,3-azaphosphole derivatives clearly reflects the influence of the heterocyclic system annulated to its 1,5-bond and of the substituents in its 2-and 4-positions.     

Nonexistence of Multiple-Instanton Solution of the Massless 4D ϕ4 Theory

The massless ϕ⁴ theory in four Euclidean dimensions is shown not to have a multiple-instanton solution — even though it does have a single-instanton solution. Our criterion for a multiple-instanton solution of this nontopological theory is that the energy-momentum tensor of the solution be identically zero. Arguments are given that a similar result holds in any number of dimensions for a one-component scale-invariant scalar theory.