New helerocyclic ring systems from α-llydroxymethylenekelones. VIII. Polyuzasteroidal analogues of equilenin

Some 6, 15,16-triazasteroidal analogues of Equilenin carrying a 7-methyl substituent have been synthesized from 4-methyl-7-methoxy-10,11]-dihydroisoxazolo[5,4-i]phenanthridine (III).     

On the reducibility of the postulation Hilbert scheme

We give a condition in terms of the possible graded Betti numbers compatible with a given Hilbert functionH of 0-dimensional subschemes of ℙ ⁿ which implies the reducibility of the postulation Hilbert scheme and of its subscheme which parametrizes reduced subschemes with Hilbert functionH.     

A semi-analytical solution for the confined compression of hydrated soft tissue

Confined compression is a common experimental technique aimed at gaining information on the properties of biphasic mixtures comprised of a solid saturated by a fluid, a typical example of which are soft hydrated biological tissues. When the material properties (elastic modulus, permeability) are assumed to be homogeneous, the governing equation in the axial displacement reduces to a Fourier equation which can be solved analytically. For the more realistic case of inhomogeneous material properties, the governing equation does not admit, in general, a solution in closed form. In this work, we propose a semi-analytical alternative to Finite Element analysis for the study of the confined compression of linearly elastic biphasic mixtures. The partial differential equation is discretised in the space variable and kept continuous in the time variable, by use of the Finite Difference Method, and the resulting system of ordinary differential equations is solved by means of the Laplace Transform method.     

Interface control domain decomposition methods for heterogeneous problems

This paper is concerned with the solution of heterogeneous problems by the interface control domain decomposition (ICDD) method, a strategy introduced for the solution of partial differential equations in computational domains partitioned into subdomains that overlap. After reformulating the original boundary value problem by introducing new additional control variables, the unknown traces of the solution at internal subdomain interfaces; the latter are determined by requiring that the (a priori) independent solutions in each subdomain undergo the minimization of a suitable cost functional. We provide an abstract formulation for coupled heterogeneous problems and a general theorem of well‐posedness for the associated ICDD problem. Then, we illustrate and validate an efficient algorithm based on the solution of the Schur‐complement system restricted solely to the interface control variables by considering two kinds of heterogeneous boundary value problems: the coupling between pure advection and advection–diffusion equations and the coupling between Stokes and Darcy equations. In the latter case, we also compare the ICDD method with a classical approach based on the Beavers–Joseph–Saffman conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis of novel 2H-spiro[1-benzofuran-3,4′-piperidin]ol scaffolds

With the aim to enrich our ‘privileged structure’-based library, novel 2H-spiro[1-benzofuran-3,4′-piperidin]ol scaffolds were prepared. The method involved a key intramolecular Heck cyclization which was successfully applied for three series of compounds. The desired scaffolds were obtained in overall yields of 42–53%.     

The Simulated Ocular and Whole-Body Distribution of Natural Sunlight to Kiteboarders: A High-Risk Case of UVR Exposure for Athletes Utilizing Water Surfaces in Sport

Kiteboarding is an aquatic sporting discipline that has not yet been considered in the literature to date in terms of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) measurement. Kiteboarders need to look upward and are placed obliquely relative to the horizon when towed behind an overhead kite over a reflective water surface. This research defines the typical body surface orientation of a kiteboarder in motion through video vector analysis and demonstrates the potential risk to ocular and skin surface damage through practical measurement of solar UVR using a manikin model. Video analysis of 51 kiteboarders was made to construct skeletal wireframes showing the surface orientation of the leg, thigh, spine, humerus, lower arm and head of a typical kiteboarder. Solar UVR dosimeter measurements made using a manikin model demonstrate that the vertex and anterior surfaces of the knee, lower leg and lower humerus received 89%, 90%, 80% and 63% of the available ambient UVR, respectively, for a typical kiteboarder who is tilted back more than 15° from vertical while in motion. Ocular (periorbital) exposures ranged from 56% to 68% of ambient. These new findings show that the anterior skin surfaces of kiteboarders and the eye are at elevated risk of solar UVR damage.