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Alexandr Křemen 《Journal of statistical physics》1980,23(4):483-494
The biochemical machinery of living systems obeys kinetic laws, but is driven by Gibbs function flows. Both the kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of Gibbs gain, transmission, and utilization are considered. An information-theoretic approach is used to find conditions under which the kinetics encodes the associated Gibbs function flow with the lowest possible error. 相似文献
53.
Zoltán Füredi Alexandr Kostochka Ruth Luo Jacques Verstraëte 《Discrete Mathematics》2018,341(5):1253-1263
The Erd?s–Gallai Theorem states that for , any -vertex graph with no cycle of length at least has at most edges. A stronger version of the Erd?s–Gallai Theorem was given by Kopylov: If is a 2-connected -vertex graph with no cycle of length at least , then , where . Furthermore, Kopylov presented the two possible extremal graphs, one with edges and one with edges.In this paper, we complete a stability theorem which strengthens Kopylov’s result. In particular, we show that for odd and all , every -vertex 2-connected graph with no cycle of length at least is a subgraph of one of the two extremal graphs or . The upper bound for here is tight. 相似文献
54.
Olena I. Lukashuk Kostyantyn M. Kondratyuk Alexandr V. Golovchenko Vladimir S. Brovarets Valery P. Kukhar 《Heteroatom Chemistry》2013,24(4):289-297
It has been shown that the derivatives of diethyl 5‐amino‐2‐phthalimidoalkyl‐1,3‐oxazol‐4‐ylphosphonates can be employed in the synthesis of phosphorylated peptidomimetics containing the phosphonoglycine residue. The reaction of diethyl 5‐alkylamino‐2‐aminoalkyl‐1,3‐oxazol‐4‐ylphosphonates with unsaturated azlactones was utilized to obtain phosphorylated peptidomimetics with dehydroamino acid moieties. The double bond in the latter was reduced with zinc in acetic acid to provide the corresponding saturated peptidomimetics containing a diethoxyphosphoryl group in the side chain. 相似文献
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56.
We present the results for thermal expansion coefficients of Sn2P2S6 crystals determined both in the crystallographic system and the system based on eigenvectors of thermal expansion tensor. Peculiarities of temperature evolution of the indicative surface of thermal expansion tensor for Sn2P2S6 are discussed, including the region of their ferroelectric phase transition. 相似文献
57.
Marc F. Tesch Shannon A. Bonke Travis E. Jones Maryam N. Shaker Jie Xiao Katarzyna Skorupska Rik Mom Jens Melder Philipp Kurz Axel Knop‐Gericke Robert Schlgl Rosalie K. Hocking Alexandr N. Simonov 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(11):3464-3470
Manganese oxide (MnOx) electrocatalysts are examined herein by in situ soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering (RIXS) during the oxidation of water buffered by borate (pH 9.2) at potentials from 0.75 to 2.25 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode. Correlation of L‐edge XAS data with previous mechanistic studies indicates MnIV is the highest oxidation state involved in the catalytic mechanism. MnOx is transformed into birnessite at 1.45 V and does not undergo further structural phase changes. At potentials beyond this transformation, RIXS spectra show progressive enhancement of charge transfer transitions from oxygen to manganese. Theoretical analysis of these data indicates increased hybridization of the Mn?O orbitals and withdrawal of electron density from the O ligand shell. In situ XAS experiments at the O K‐edge provide complementary evidence for such a transition. This step is crucial for the formation of O2 from water. 相似文献
58.
Yichen Wu Sbastien Bouvet Susana Izquierdo Alexandr Shafir 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(9):2643-2647
Among halogenated aromatics, iodoarenes are unique in their ability to produce the bench‐stable halogen(III) form. Earlier, such iodine(III) centers were shown to enable C?H functionalization ortho to iodine via halogen‐centered rearrangement. The broader implications of this phenomenon are explored by testing the extent of an unusual iodane‐directed para C?H benzylation, as well as by developing an efficient C?H coupling with sulfonyl‐substituted allylic silanes. Through the combination of the one‐shot nature of the coupling event and the iodine retention, multisubstituted arenes can be prepared by sequentially engaging up to three aromatic C?H sites. This type of iodine‐based iterative synthesis will serve as a tool for the formation of value‐added aromatic cores. 相似文献
59.
Ludmila V. Bezgubenko Sergey E. Pipko Alexandr A. Shalimov Anatoliy D. Sinitsa 《Heteroatom Chemistry》2008,19(4):408-411
The effect of nucleophilic catalysis on phosphorus trichloride oxygen oxidation is discovered. A number of nucleophilic catalysts for the phosphorus trichloride oxidation are found. Triethylamine, 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), and tetramethylurea are amongst them. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:408–411, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20439 相似文献
60.