Free modules over hjelmslev rings in which not every maximal linearly independent subset is a basis

First it will be shown that every left-noetherian AH-ring is left-artinian. For an AH-ring R every finite linearly independent subset of a free left R-module V can be completed to a basis of V. But a maximal linearly independent subset of a free left R-module V need not be a basis of V. For an H-ring R, every maximal linearly independent subset of a free left R-module V is a basis of V if and only if the H-ring R is left-noetherian or V is finitely generated.     

Initial state and transition state solvation effects in the cobaltitungstate oxidation of iodide in binary aqueous solvent mixtures

Summary Rate constants are reported for 12-tungstocobaltate(III) [CoW₁₂O₄₀]^5– oxidation of iodide in water and in binary aqueous solvent mixtures containing up to 40% methanol, 40% acetonitrile, or 60% dimethyl sulphoxide. From these kinetic results, solubility measurements on potassium 12-tungstocobaltate(III), and published data on Gibbs free energies of transfer of appropriate ions, it has been deduced that the dominant factor in determining the marked decrease in rate observed on going from water into the binary aqueous solvent mixtures is destabilisation of the transition state for the electron-transfer reaction.     

Polymerization of methyl acrylate in aqueous media

The polymerization of methyl acrylate in water and in dilute, aqueous, soap solutions, initiated by potassium peroxydisulfate, has been investigated, a dilatometric method being used to follow the conversion. It has been shown that small amounts of an anionic soap increase the rate of reaction while a cationic soap has the reverse effect. The change of molecular weight with conversion has also been examined as well as the effect of the exclusion of oxygen from the system.