Evaluation of the intensifying effect of quaternary ammonium salts in the course of dyeing of cellulose materials with active dyes

The effect of quaternary ammonium salts on batch dyeing of cellulose materials with active dyes was examined. The use of benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride and benzyldimethyldodecylammonium bromide as intensifi ers in dyeing of cellulose textile materials with active dyes of vinyl sulfone and monochlorotriazine types allows high intensity and durability of the color to be attained owing to increased degree of covalent fi xation of the dyes and their decreased desorption in the course of washing of the dyed material.     

Diffraction of light in intermediate regime of acoustooptical interaction at oblique incidence

The diffraction of light by ultrasound in an isotropic medium at arbitrarily small angles of incidence onto the acoustic layer is calculated. The intermediate regime of diffraction is considered, for which the conditions of observation of the Raman-Nath and Bragg diffraction are not satisfied in terms of the wave parameter. The effect of the acoustooptical interaction length and angle between the incident light beam and the acoustic wave on the light intensity distribution over the diffraction peaks is studied as a function of the acoustic power. Specific features of the transition from the Raman-Nath to the Bragg diffraction regime through the intermediate regime of diffraction are analyzed.     

Monotone bicompact schemes for a linear advection equation

Doklady Mathematics -     

Oxidation of 3- and 4-methylpyridines on modified vanadium oxide catalysts

The partial oxidation of 3- and 4-methylpyridines on V₂O₅ and vanadium oxide catalysts doped with TiO₂, Al₂O₃, and ZrO₂ was studied. The catalytic activities of the studied catalysts were correlated with the calculated proton affinities of the vanadyl oxygen. A possible mechanism of the surface stages of the partial oxidation of 3- and 4-methylpyridines on the vanadium oxide catalysts was discussed.     

Effect of quaternary ammonium salts on the properties and dyeability of polypropylene fiber

Understanding of the effect of quaternary ammonium salts on the structure and properties of polypropylene fibers allowed determination of the most effective dyeing intensifier. Its use in dyeing polypropylenebased textile materials with dispersed dyes ensures high coloration intensity.     

Computable Linear Orders and the Ershov Hierarchy

We give the collection of relations on computable linear orders. For any natural number n, the degree spectrum of such relations of some computable linear orders contains exactly all n-computable enumerable degrees. We also study interconnections of these relations among themselves.     

Determination of ionic 68Ga impurity in radiopharmaceuticals: major revision of radio-HPLC methods

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - Releasing radionuclide elements from nuclear activities became an important issue. Preparation of activated charcoal-Prussian blue nanoparticles...     

Synthesis,structure, and properties of substituted bismuth niobates Bi<Subscript>3</Subscript>Nb<Subscript>1–<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Er<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>O<Subscript>7–δ</Subscript>

Results are reported of a study of the structural and electrical characteristics of substituted bismuth niobates with composition Bi₃Nb_1–x Er _x O_7–δ, which are promising oxygen-ion conductors. The homogeneity regions of solid solutions were determined by X-ray phase analysis and electron microscopy with X-ray fluorescence microanalysis, and their crystal-chemical parameters were calculated. The electrical conductivity of sintered samples was examined by impedance spectroscopy.     

Synthesis of bifunctionally modified hexofuranosides of thymine and uracil

The glycosylation of bis(trimethylsilyl) derivatives of uracil and thymine by bifunctionally modified derivatives of D-glucofuranose in the presence of SnCl₄ as the condensing agent was studied. It is shown that the anomers of D-glucofuranose derivatives with a 1,2-trans orientation of the OAc groups undergo condensation more readily than the anomers. Both anomers give a mixture of and nucleosides with significant preponderance of the latter due to the primary formation of a 1,2-acetoxonium ion. It is assumed that the formation of nucleosides is due to the competitive coparticipation of other groups and/or more remote acetyl groups.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 542–548, April, 1982.