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21.
Zusammenfassung Mit bekannten mikroanalytischen Arbeitsmethoden — Oberflächenreaktionen, Abstrichuntersuchungen mit dem Korundstäbchen, Schutzschichtreaktionen sowie dem Abdruckverfahren — lassen sich archaeometrische Probleme einer Lösung näherbringen. Die Art der Korrosion kupferhaltiger Oberflächen wurde diskutiert.
Vortrag anläßlich der Tagung Chemische Analysen — Kunst- und Kulturwissenschaften im Reiß-Museum in Mannheim, 19.–21. September 1974. 相似文献
Application of microanalytical methods to the solution of artistic- and cultural historical problems
Summary Archeometrical problems are brought closer to a solution by means of known microanalytical procedures-surface reactions, surface scraping studies with the corundum rod, protective layer reactions as well as the imprint method. A discussion of the corrosion of copper-bearing surfaces is included.
Vortrag anläßlich der Tagung Chemische Analysen — Kunst- und Kulturwissenschaften im Reiß-Museum in Mannheim, 19.–21. September 1974. 相似文献
22.
Albert Fischli 《Helvetica chimica acta》1982,65(8):2697-2708
The olefinic system in 3β-methoxy-4-cholesten-6 a-ol ( 2 ) is reduced using cob (I)alamin ( 1 ( I ); see Scheme 1) as catalyst, aqueous acetic acid as solvent and metallic zinc as electron source (cf. Schemes 2 and 3). Experimental evidence for an attack of 1 ( I ) on both faces of the double bond is presented. By the same catalyst (1 R)-10, 10-dimethyl-2-pinene- 10-carbonitrile ( 9 ) is first transformed to the menthene derivative 11 (see Schemes 4 and 5). The ring opening is then followed by a fast saturation of the disubstituted olefinic system in 11 , and ultimately the remaining double bond is reduced in a slow reaction. The cis-configurated saturated menthane derivative 16 is the main final product ( 16 / 17 ≈ 10:1). 相似文献
23.
Summary A new technique is described for the identification of the chloride ion through the formation of chromyl chloride, based on the extraction of the latter with carbon tetrachloride. The identification limit is 2g of chloride. It is possible to carry out the test in the presence of many other anions, including fluoride, which cannot be present when the traditional distillation technique is employed.
Zusammenfassung Vorgeschlagen wird eine neue Technik zum Chloridnachweis durch Bildung von Chromylchlorid. Dieser Nachweis beruht auf der Extraktion des Chromylchlorids mit Tetrachlorkohlenstoff. Die Nachweisgrenze liegt bei 2g Chlorid, wobei die Möglichkeit besteht, den Test auch in Gegenwart von Fluorid durchzuführen, das bei Anwendung der üblichen Destillationsmethoden nicht anwesend sein darf.相似文献
24.
Preparation and physical and chemical properties of 3-ethinyl-2,4-diformyl-pentandial (3 a) and its salts are described.3 a contains 2 malonaldehyde groups. Starting from3 a, 4H-pyranes, 4H-dihydropyridines, dipyrazoles, diisoxazoles, bisdiazepines and vinamidine derivates are obtained.
Mit 1 Abbildung 相似文献
Mit 1 Abbildung 相似文献
25.
K. Schweiger A. Fuchsgruber Prof. Dr. G. Zigeuner 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1977,108(1):243-255
Tetrahydro-6-hydroxy-trimethyl-1,3-thiazine-2-thione (1) reacts with secondary amines via the dialkylammonium-3-oxoalkyldithiocarbamate3, either via isothiocyanates6 to 4-dialkylaminodihydro-2(1H)-pyridinethiones7 or to dialkylammonium dithiocarbamates (13), depending on the amine used and the reaction conditions. Subsequently, 6-dialkylaminotetrahydro-1,3-thiazine-2-thiones11 or tetrahydro-6-mercapto-1,3-thiazine-2-thione10 are formed. On being heated to reflux,11 reacts to pyridinethione7 and 4-dialkylaminodihydrothiopyranthione19. With secondary amines only13 is formed from tetrahydro-6-hydroxytetramethyl-1,3-thiazine-2-thione20. The reaction of dihydrotrimethyl-1,3-thiazine-2-thione21 with secondary amines leads to N,N-dialkylthioureas16 or dialkylammonium thiocyanates17 and with dialkylformamides 4-dialkylaminodihydropyridinethiones7 are formed. Dihydrotetramethyl-1,3-thiazine-2-thione24 reacts neither with secondary amines nor with dialkylformamides. 相似文献
26.
Prof. Dr. Heinz Falk Alfred Leodolter Georg Schade 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》1978,109(1):183-192
The electrochemical oxidation of arylmethylene-pyrrolinones, pyrromethenones and pyrromethenes as representative bile pigment partial structure models was investigated by means of a rotating disc platinum electrode using acetonitrile as the solvent. Two different oxidation reactions were found. The first reaction being a reversible one-electron oxidation with compounds of the arylmethylene-pyrrolinone series and pyrromethenones which are unsubstituted in position 5 of the pyrrole ring. A two step reaction (the first one reversible, the second irreversible) on the other hand was found to be typical for pyrromethenones bearing a methyl group in this position.Through protonation the first step is at a higher potential, whereas the second one is lowered and becomes reversible. The resulting oxidation pattern can be interpreted analogous to the oxidation of hydroquinones in aprotic solvents.The geometrical isomers of a pyrromethenone were oxidized at appr. the same potential, but there is a strong dependence of the potential of the first oxidation step on the substitution: a higher degree of alkylation favours oxidation by lowering the oxidation potential.
Mit 1 Abbildung 相似文献
Mit 1 Abbildung 相似文献
27.
The equilibrium of the heterogeneous reaction between dissolved sodium sulfide and biologically produced sulfur particles has been studied. Biologically produced sulfur was obtained from a bioreactor of a hydrogen sulfide removal process in which the dominating organism is Thiobacillus sp. W5. Detailed knowledge of this reaction is essential to understand its effect on the process. The results were compared with the equilibrium of the reaction of sulfide with ‘inorganic’ elemental sulfur. The equilibrium between dissolved sodium sulfide and biologically produced sulfur particles can be described by an equilibrium constant, Kx, which consists of a weighted sum of constants for polysulfide ions of different chain length, rather than a true single equilibrium constant. For biologically produced sulfur pKx = 9.10 ± 0.08 (21 °C) and 9.17 ± 0.09 (35 °C) with an average polysulfide chain length x = 4.91 ± 0.32 (21 °C) and 4.59 ± 0.31 (35 °C). The pKx value for biologically produced sulfur is significantly higher than for reaction of dissolved sodium sulfide with inorganic sulfur (pKx = 8.82; 21 °C). This difference is probably caused by the negatively charged polymeric organic layer, which is present on biologically produced sulfur but absent with “inorganic” sulfur. Specific binding of polysulfide ions to the organic layer results in a higher polysulfide concentration at the reaction site compared to the bulk concentration. This results in an apparent decrease of the measured equilibrium constant, Kx. 相似文献
28.
Ben-Ami Feit Eri Heller Albert Zilkha 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1966,4(6):1499-1508
The anionic oligomerization of methacrylonitrile by alcoholic solutions of sodium alkoxide in dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol and ethanol was studied. The DP of the oligomers was directly proportional to the monomer concentration and inversely proportional to the alcohol concentration, in accordance with the equation DP = K[MAN]/[ROH], K being equal to Kp/Ktr. The value of K in DMSO (with sodium methoxidemethanol) was 2.9 ± 0.2, in methanol was 1.5 ± 0.1, and in ethanol (with sodium ethoxide as initiator) was 1.9 ± 0.1. The physical properties of the oligomers are given. 相似文献
29.
From the study of the CuCuBrCu2?εSC solid cell in the range of cubic digenite and “high temperature” hexagonal chalcocite we have deduced the laws of variation of the deviation from stoichiometry and the holes concentration with the equilibrium partial pressure of sulfur (δ and p are found to be proportional to ). The electronic model corresponding to the formation of associations (V×CuV′Cu) in the presence of neutral vacancies V×Cu allows one to explain these laws. In the low temperature range (range of “low temperature” hexagonal chalcocite and orthorhombic chalcocite) the study of thermal variations of Hall coefficient permits us to propose the following models: (a) the deviation from stoichiometry of the “low temperature” hexagonal chalcocite is due to the simple ionized vacancies V′Cu; (b) the deviation from stoichiometry of the orthorhombic chalcocite is due to the vacancies V′Cu and to the associations (V×CuV×Cu). 相似文献
30.
Thermal analysis supported by kinetic calculations was applied exhaustively to these compounds. Under dynamic conditions, tetrafluorometallates(III), which as intermediates, could not be isolated, for the first three compounds. In each case, the final step was the pure metal(III) fluoride. Ammonium hexafluorochromate(III) decomposed directly to the pure chromium(III) fluoride. The decomposition rate of all compounds slowed down towards the end, probably for kinetic reasons. Polymorphic transitions of ammonium hexafluorotitanate(III) were observed at 35 and 100°C. Ammoniumhexafluoroscandate(III) underwent polymorphic transition at 47°C. The decomposition patterns for all these compounds were similar. Conditions for the preparation of pure ammonium tetrafluorometallates(III) of Sc, Ti and V are described. 相似文献