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121.
Philippe Andrianary Gérard Jenner Alain Kiennemann 《Journal of organometallic chemistry》1983,252(2):209-220
The CO/H2 homologation of methanol to acetaldehyde and subsequently to its dimethyl acetal in the presence of cobalt acetate promoted by iodine was examined under various conditions. Temperature and pressure were found as critical parameters. High pressures (140 MPa) and low temperatures (160–170°C) give optimal yields and selectivity to acetaldehyde. According to pressure, temperature, contact time, gas ratio and ligand/catalyst ratio, the reaction is oriented towards acetaldehyde, its dimethyl acetal or methyl acetate. 相似文献
122.
Trombotto S Danel M Fitremann J Bouchu A Queneau Y 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2003,68(17):6672-6678
The base-catalyzed reaction of carboxymethyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside 2-O-lactone (prepared from isomaltulose) with amino acids and fatty amines under basic catalysis gave a series of new pseudoglucopeptides, nonionic amphiphiles, and polymerizable derivatives. The same reaction applied to alcohols provided the corresponding 2-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyloxy)acetyl esters with either basic or acidic catalysts. 相似文献
123.
Osei-Twum EY Litorja LA Darkwa J Maisela LL Lesimple A Mamer O 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》2005,16(1):94-99
The mass spectral behavior of a number of organometallic complexes containing the Group 10 metals Ni, Pd, and Pt, together with various thiolate ligands were studied. For Pd, two main types of complexes, differing by the substituents on the phosphorus atom were studied. Types I and II were substituted with bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene and bis(diisopropylphosphino)ferrocene ligands, respectively. The Ni complexes, except for one, and the Pd Type I complexes had no molecular radical cations (M(+.)) in their EI spectra. On the other hand, all the Pt complexes showed intense M(+.) ions in their EI spectra indicating that these complexes were more stable as radical cations than those of Ni and Pd. The FAB and MALDI spectra of all the complexes displayed intense quasi-molecular ions (MH(+)) and the fragmentations in both modes were similar. The MALDI spectra of several complexes displayed only M(+.) ions while one gave evidence of both MH(+) and M(+.) ions. Several Pd Type II complexes yielded intense M(+.) in their EI spectra. 相似文献
124.
Valérie Chevalier-Billosta Jean-Paul Joseleau Alain Cochaux Katia Ruel 《Cellulose (London, England)》2007,14(2):141-152
The composition and ultrastructural arrangement of cell wall polymers in wood fibres have determining influence on the properties
of wood derived materials. It is therefore important to improve our understanding of the relationship between fibres organisation,
the modifications induced by pulping treatments, and the resulting paper sheet mechanical properties. The different treatments
to which fibres are subjected during the manufacturing of pulps and papers induce morphological and micro-structural alterations
due to the removal of wall constituents and of microfibrillar elements. The impact of pulping processes on fibres was investigated
at the ultrastructural scale of transmission electron microscopy. Particular attention was given to the effects of beating
in refiners at various intensities on the ultrastructure of fibres. The most characteristic effects consisted of delaminations,
microfibril disorganisation, and even fractures, of varying importance depending on the intensity of the mechanical refining.
The consequences of internal alterations and surface modifications of the fibres were examined in relation to the paper sheet
mechanical properties. Correlations between the type of alteration observed in the fibres and its possible impact on a given
paper mechanical property are suggested. With similar approaches, the effects of drying and recycling were studied. 相似文献
125.
Tetrahydropyran derivatives
–
and
–
are formed in good yields by cyclisation of methyl-6-hydroxy-2-hexenoate
or 2-heptenoate
mediated by various electrophilic reagents (mCPBA, benzeneselenyl chloride, N-bromosuccinimide, iodine). Cyclisations of Z and E isomers are stereospecific. The diastereoselectivity of cyclisation of the secondary alcohol
varies with the nature of the electrophilic reagent. 相似文献
126.
Claude Aslangul Alain Veillard Raymond Daudel Fernand Gallais 《Theoretical chemistry accounts》1971,23(3):211-225
Résumé On propose un exemple quantitatif de la distinction entre une liaison de covalence et une liaison de coordination; cette différenciation, fondée sur les propriétés de la molécule une fois formée, semble très nette pour les énergies de liaison, les populations de recouvrement et les charges des groupes; en particulier, un critère récent, proposé par deux des auteurs, est remarquablement vérifié. Enfin, on essaie de préciser la signification des symboles chimiques traditionnels.
Les auteurs tiennent à remercier très vivement M. M. Berthier et Millié d'avoir mis à leur disposition le programme de localisation indispensable à ce travail, ainsi que Mademoiselle Le Guen et le C.I.R.C.E. pour la réalisation des calculs sur l'ordinateur IBM 360-75. 相似文献
Quantitative studies of the difference between a covalence and a coordination bond: The molecules of amine-borane and aminoborane
An illustration of the distinction between these two types of chemical bonds is proposed, which is based on the properties of the molecule once built. Bond energies, overlap populations and group charges vary considerably from one compound to the other; more, a recent criterion given by two of the authors seems to be particularly suitable for describing the character of the bond. Lastly, one tries to give an explicit signification to the usual chemical symbols.
Zusammenfassung Es wird ein quantitatives Beispiel der Unterscheidung zwischen einer kovalenten und einer koordinativen Bindung angegeben, die auf den Eigenschaften des vorliegenden Moleküls beruht. Sie erscheint sehr günstig für die Bindungsenergien, die Überlagerungspopulationen und die Gruppenladungen. Insbesondere wird ein Kriterium, das kürzlich von zwei der Autoren angegeben wurde, gut verifiziert. Schließlich wird versucht, die üblichen chemischen Symbole zu präzisieren.
Les auteurs tiennent à remercier très vivement M. M. Berthier et Millié d'avoir mis à leur disposition le programme de localisation indispensable à ce travail, ainsi que Mademoiselle Le Guen et le C.I.R.C.E. pour la réalisation des calculs sur l'ordinateur IBM 360-75. 相似文献
127.
Herv Bouchard Jean-Pierre Pulicani Marc Vuilhorgne Jean-Dominique Bourzat Alain Commer on 《Tetrahedron letters》1994,35(52):9713-9716
A new route to semisynthetic 19-nor-7β, 8β-methylene taxoids, such as compound 8, from the 7-O-trifluoromethanesulfonyl derivative 6 is reported. Evidence for a dissociation of the triflate to form a carbocation at C-7 under the reaction conditions is presented. Electrochemical reduction of the cyclopropane taxoid 8 gives, besides the expected 10-dehydroxy-cyclopropane analog 10, the 7-membered C-ring derivative 11. 相似文献
128.
Burel-Deschamps L Giamarchi P Stephan L Lijour Y Le Bihan A 《Journal of fluorescence》2006,16(2):177-183
The absorption and fluorescence spectra of carbaryl (CB), carbofuran (CF) and carbendazim (MBC) have been studied. Fluorescence lifetime and fluorescence quantum yields are also reported as well as the influence of pH, solvent and presence of humic acids on fluorescence. The limit of detection (LD) of the three compounds has been measured by direct analysis by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) using a pulsed YAG laser with an Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO) as excitation source and an Intensified Charged Coupled Device (ICCD) camera for the fluorescence detection. Instrumental LD found for CB, for MBC and for CF are respectively 4, 50 and 1000 ng L−1. In tap water, the LD obtained is 800 ng L−1 for MBC and 20,000 ng L−1 for CF. For CB, the use of a time shift between excitation and emission allows to reach a LD of 20 ng L−1 in tap water. 相似文献
129.
Mathieu Gaudin Maï Panchal Sophie Ayciriex Erwan Werner Alain Brunelle David Touboul Claire Boursier‐Neyret Nicolas Auzeil Bernard Walther Charles Duyckaerts Olivier Laprévote 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》2014,49(10):1035-1042
The development of ‘omics’ sciences offers new opportunities for the study of neurodegenerative diseases but increases at the same time the sample demand on brain banks that collect and store valuable human post‐mortem tissue. Our study aims to evaluate in lipidomics the potential of formalin‐fixed tissue compared with the cryopreservation method, considered as the gold standard for biochemical research. Two complementary liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analytical platforms were used on the basis of hybrid quadrupole time‐of‐flight and triple quadrupole mass spectrometers. Untargeted fingerprinting, semitargeted profiling of specific lipid classes and targeted monitoring of lipid species were performed in formalin‐fixed and cryopreserved samples to provide detailed information at the molecular level on the formalin‐induced alterations of the brain tissue. In vitro incubations of lipid standards were also performed to further describe the degradation processes induced by formaldehyde. Phospholipid compounds were found to be extensively hydrolysed, whilst the sphingolipid ones were preserved. N‐methylation and N‐formylation of amine‐containing phospholipids have also been evidenced. These findings show that the potential detrimental effect of formalin on the analytes of interest must be taken into account when analysing formalin‐fixed samples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
130.
Ayman Ben Mabrouk Hamid Kaddami Sami Boufi Fouad Erchiqui Alain Dufresne 《Cellulose (London, England)》2012,19(3):843-853
The microstructure and chemical composition of alfa (Stipa tenacissima) were investigated. The polysaccharide and lignin contents were around 70 and 20 wt%, respectively. From the bleached and
delignified fibers, two types of nanosized cellulosic particles were extracted, namely cellulose nanocrystals and microfibrillated
cellulose (MFC). The former correspond typically to the elementary crystallite units of the cellulose fibers, with a rod-like
morphology and an aspect ratio of about 20. The latter, mechanically disintegrated from oxidized bleached fibres, presents
an entangled fibrillar structure with widths in the range 5-20 nm. The reinforcing potential of the ensuing nanoparticles
was investigated by casting a mixture of acrylic latex and aqueous dispersion of cellulose nanoparticles. Thermo-mechanical
analysis revealed a huge enhancement of the stiffness above the glass transition of the matrix. Significant differences in
the mechanical reinforcing capability of the nanoparticles were reported. 相似文献