Trace element analysis of whole blood and urine samples of diabetic patients

A number of samples of whole blood, and urine from diabetic and non-diabetic persons have been analyzed for their trace elemental contents using the proton-induced X-ray emission. The elemental contents of the diabetic and non-diabetic samples are compared.     

Synthesis, characterization, DNA-binding, photocleavage, cytotoxicity and docking studies of Co(III) mixed ligand complexes

A new ligand, (2-ethoxy-6-(1H imadazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline-2-yl)phenol) (HEPIP) and its three Co(III) complexes [Co(phen)₂(HEPIP)](ClO₄)₃ (1), [Co(bpy)₂(HEPIP)](ClO₄)₃ (2) and [Co(dmb)₂(HEPIP)](ClO₄)₃ (3) have been synthesized and characterized. All three Co(III) complexes exhibited antitumor activity against four human tumor cell lines. The interaction of these complexes with calf thymus DNA was studied by absorption and emission spectroscopy, viscosity measurements and DNA cleavage assays. The DNA-binding constants of complexes 1, 2 and 3 were determined as 6.13 × 10⁵, 4.46 × 10⁵ and 3.72 × 10⁵ M^?1, respectively. The complexes appear to interact with DNA through intercalation. Studies on the mechanism of photocleavage indicated that both superoxide anion radical and singlet oxygen may play an important role.     

Unusual Hydrogen-bonding Networks Consisting of π-Extended 4,4′-Bipyridines and Chloranilic Acid

Hydrogen-bonding networks of π-extended 4,4′-bipyridines, 2,5-di(4-pyridyl)thiophene (1), 2,5-di(4-pyridyl)furan (2) and 1,4-di(4-pyridyl)benzene (3) with 2,5-dichloro-3,6-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone (chloranilic acid, CA) have been investigated. The dipyridyl compounds afforded complexes 4 [(dication of 1)·(monoanion of CA)²], 5 [(dication of 2)·(dianion of CA)·(MeOH)] and 6 [(3)·(dication of 3)·(dianion of CA)·(H²O)⁶] with CA. X-ray structure analyses revealed the formation of unusual molecular tape and sheet structures involving N–H ?O, O–H ?O, C–H ?O and N–H ?N hydrogen bonds, where the aromatic spacer groups play an important role in constructing the unique crystal structures.     

Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Kinetics of Non-isothermal Crystallization of Nylon 66

The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics was studied by differential scanning calorimetric analysis on nylon 66 and e-beam irradiated nylon 66 at different cooling rates. The Modified Avrami equation, the Ozawa equation and the Combined Avrami-Ozawa equation were applied to study the kinetics of non-isothermal crystallization of nylon 66. The crystallization behavior of pristine nylon 66 polymer was compared with that of e-beam irradiated nylon 66 and observed that the kinetics of non-isothermal crystallization of nylon66 was affected largely upon e-beam irradiation. E-beam irradiation not only decreased the crystallization temperature of nylon 66, but influenced the mechanism of nucleation and crystal growth and reduced the overall crystallization rate of nylon 66 also. The crystallization activation energy calculated by the Kissinger method for irradiated nylon 66 was lower than that of pristine nylon 66.     

CHAOS AND MULTIPLE PERIODS IN AN UNSYMMETRICAL SPRING AND DAMPING SYSTEM WITH CLEARANCE

Chaos and multiple periods are presented for the harmonically excited unsymmetrical spring and damping system with clearance. This paper demonstrates the non-linear behaviour of the motion through simulation and experiment. Intensive care and caution are taken in the experiments to observe the chaos and the multiple periods properly. The focus in this paper is mainly on the change of the bilinear spring stiffness ratio as a prime factor by which chaotic motions occur from quasi-periodic motion. Other investigations and effects on motion are also discussed for the changing of the extent of clearance. The investigations are based on frequency response curves. To understand the dynamics of the non-linearity of this model, all possible data processing and displaying techniques are taken into account. To observe the overall phenomena of this bilinear system, the resonance curves and the bifurcation diagrams are taken thoroughly for a wide frequency region.     

Thermal fragmentation and rearrangement of N-arylbenzamidoxime and O-phenylsulfonyloxime derivatives

Thermal fragmentation of N-arylbenzamide oximes I, II (Ar = Ph, p-tolyl) under nitrogen gives rise to benzanilide and 2-phenylbenzoxazole as the major products, in addition to benzonitrile, arylamines, phenols, benzoic acid, o- and p-aminophenols and benzimidazole derivatives. In the presence of naphthalene as radical scavenger, I gave - and β-naphthols beside the previous products. Also, heating N-arylbenzamide O-phenylsulfonyloximes III under reflux in boiling tetralin lead to the formation of benzonitrile, arylamines, diphenylamine, benzenesulfonic acid, diphenyl sulfone, 1-hydroxytetralin, -tetralone, and 1,1′-bitetralyl as the major products. Analogous results are obtained on heating III in the presence of isoquinoline as a radical trap which formed 1-phenylisoquinoline. The isolated products have been interpreted in terms of a free radical mechanism involving the homolysis of NO and/or CN bonds.     

Analysis of Voice and Quantitative Measurement of Glottal Gap After Thyroplasty Type I in the Treatment of Unilateral Vocal Paralysis

Thyroplasty type I is one of several surgical treatments in which improving the voice of unilateral vocal fold paralysis is the ultimate objective. The goal of the surgery is the medialization of the paralyzed vocal fold. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of thyroplasty type I through acoustical analysis, aerodynamic measures, and quantitative videostroboscopic measurements. We report on 20 patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis who underwent thyroplasty type I. We performed preoperative and postoperative video image analysis (normalized glottal gap area) and computer-assisted voice analysis (fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, noise-to-harmonic ratio, mean phonation time, mean flow rate, mean subglottic pressure) in all patients. The glottal gap was significantly reduced after thyroplasty type I. Postoperative voice quality was characterized by an improved pitch and amplitude pertubation (jitter and shimmer), phonation time (mean phonation time), and subglottic pressure (mean subglottic pressure). Thyroplasty type I is an effective method for regaining glottal closure and vocal function.     

Hyaluronic Acid: Its Role in Voice

The extracellular matrix (ECM), once regarded simply as a structural scaffold, is now recognized as an important modulator of cellular behavior and function. One component that plays a prominent role in this process is hyaluronic acid (HA)--a molecule found in many different tissues. Research into the roles of HA indicates that it plays a key role in tissue viscosity, shock absorption, and space filling. Specifically, research into the role of HA in laryngology indicates that it has profound effects on the structure and viscosity of vocal folds. This article provides an introduction to the structure and biological functions of HA and its importance in voice. In addition, an overview of the pharmaceutical applications of HA is discussed.     

A simple and selective kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of kanamycin using acetylacetone-formaldehyde reagent in N,N′-dimethylformamide medium

A simple, sensitive, and selective kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of kanamycin in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations is described. The method is based on the measurement of the intensity of the yellow chromogen formed by the reaction between kanamycin and acetylacetone-formaldehyde reagent in a N,N′-dimethyl formamide medium. The variable-time method was used to evaluate the rate of reaction of the colored chromogen formed at 410 nm. The reaction conditions were optimized and the calibration graph was found to be linear in the range 60–160 μg/mL. The results obtained by the developed and reference methods are in good agreement. Various statistical parameters were evaluated to establish the precision, accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of the proposed method. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/EVA 80 blends enhanced by NH4Cl as a nucleating agent

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The crystallization kinetics of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), PHB/NH4Cl composites, PHB/ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA 80) blends and PHB/EVA 80/1 mass%...