FLUORESCENCE SPECTRA IN LUNG WITH PORPHYRIN INJECTION

The fluorescence emission spectra from human bronchial mucosa and tumors, before and after injection of dihematoporphyrin ether/ester, have been measured with an optical multichannel analyzer from 500 to 750 nm. Fluorescence was excited with a violet krypton ion laser (average wavelength 410 nm). The autofluorescence spectra decrease monotonically with increasing wavelength except for a small broad peak near 600 nm. The spectra from tumor sites, after injection of the fluorescent porphyrin, exhibit the characteristic fluorescence emission at 630 and 690 nm, added to the autofluorescence spectrum. The spectra from control or nontumor sites are similar but the magnitude of the component due to the injected porphyrin is smaller than at a tumor site. The magnitude ratio of tumor to control site fluorescence depends on concentration of the porphyrin, tumor thickness, and time after injection. Autofluorescence degrades contrast and thus makes very thin tumors difficult to image. Subtraction of the autofluorescence background is desirable.     

The selective chlorination of organohydridesilanes

Conclusions A convenient method of preparing organochlorohydridesilanes by selective chlorination of organohydridesilanes with stannic chloride was proposed.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 2114–2117, September, 1967.     

New Catalytic Synthesis of Polyfluoroalkyl Chlorosulfites

Russian Journal of General Chemistry -     

Ionization and Tautomerism of Hydroxyxanthenes and Some Other Dyes in Ethanol

Protolytic equilibria of hydroxyxanthene dyes, Fluorescein, Eosin, as well as of some relatedcompounds, in ethanol were studied by spectrophotometry. Stepwise ionization and tautomeric equilibriumconstants were determined.     

Experimental Study of Small-Scale Spatial Variation in Filtration Coefficient Using Tracer Method

The procedure for studying the nonuniformity of filtration flows in capillary-porous media was developed. Time dependences of local filtration coefficients averaged over the area and their spatial variation during the flow of water and aqueous electrolyte solutions were studied on soil samples of undisturbed structure using tracer method. It was found that the transformation of a pore space structure accompanied with reverse variations in pore sizes occurs because of the action of disjoining pressure in thin films depending on the ion nature. Relaxation times corresponding to the times necessary to attain equilibrium within interlayer gaps of clay minerals were determined. The conclusion was made that if the system volume is constant, the variations in the pore space structure take place because of decrease in the relative fraction of macropores and their sizes.