Determination of heavy metal concentration in feed and permeate streams of polymer enhanced ultrafiltration process

Polymer enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF) is a newly developed method for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. This method was applied for the removal of mercury and cadmium with the presence of polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a water soluble polymer. After ultrafiltration experiments for metal–polymer mixtures, two separate streams, namely, retentate and permeate, former of which contains mainly metal–polymer complex and free polymer molecules while latter of which mainly contains free metal ions, were obtained. At the end of PEUF experiments, performance of operation was determined by concentration analyses which was achieved by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) applied in a different way for permeate and retentate streams considering the effect of presence of polymer. For mercury analysis, cold vapor AAS was applied. It was observed that the presence of PEI did not affect the atomic absorption signal when 10% HCl was added to the sample solutions. For calcium and cadmium, flame AAS was used. It was observed that change in PEI concentration results in change in measured concentration of calcium and cadmium. Therefore, two new approaches were developed for accurate measurement of concentrations of calcium and cadmium. It was also observed that presence of other metals did not affect the accuracy of the measurement of a particular metal in the concentration range studied.     

薄层色谱法在香兰素合成中的应用

应用薄层色谱法对愈创木酚、3－甲氧基－4－羟基扁桃酸和香兰素进行了分析，以硅胶GF254作为吸附剂，从几种溶剂系统中选出氯仿：乙酸乙酯：正丙醇：冰乙酸：水＝20：1：1：1：2溶液作为展开剂。建立了 香兰素的薄层扫描定量分析方法，测定波长为500nm，参比波长为570nm，线性范围为0．31－6．2μg。     

过硼酸钠对于有机物的氧化作用的研究——Ⅰ.过硼酸钠对于芳胺和芳硫醚的氧化作用

在有机合成中,过硼酸钠用作氧化剂的实例虽为数不多,但其优点已很明显,例如反应条件温和、选择性强、毒性低、价廉,且过硼酸钠还原后生成无毒的硼酸钠,易于处理或排放。因而过硼酸钠是一种很值得研究的新型氧化剂。水文报道了过硼酸钠对于芳胺(邻-和对-硝基苯胺)及含有吸电子基的芳硫醚的氧化作用:     

N-丙基-N-[2-(2,4,6-三氯苯氧基)乙基]-1H-咪唑-1-甲酰胺的合成

以2，4，6-三氯苯酚和1，2-二氯乙烷为初始原料，在相转移催化剂十六烷基三甲基溴化胺和弱碱性助剂三乙胺存在下合成了N-丙基-N-[2-(2，4，6-三氯苯氧基)乙基]-1H-咪唑-1-甲酰胺，其结构经元素分析,IR，^1H NMR分析证实。并对该合成路线的反应机理进行了讨论。     

邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物梯度折射率棒制备过程的研究

<正> 梯度折射率棒是折射率沿径向或轴向连续变化的透明圆棒,具有光自聚焦性能。可用于制作自聚焦型光纤维和自焦聚透镜。用玻璃制得的梯度棒直径和折射率差都很小。近年来,开始研究高分子梯度棒,据估计其直径可望达到100mm,折射率差也可达0.1。本文采用二元掖体扩散共聚法,制得梯度棒,其径向折射率分布接近于抛物线型。     

Adsorption of N-Nitrosodiethylamine and N-Nitrosodimethylamine on Activated Carbon: A Pre-Concentration Procedure for Gas Chromatographic Analysis

In this study, a rapid pre-concentration procedure, which employs powdered activated carbon as a clean-up and pre-concentration material, is described for the gas chromatographic analysis of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in aqueous solutions. It was found that powdered activated carbon is suitable for the adsorption of volatile N-nitrosamine compounds from aqueous solutions. Adsorption efficiency with spiked beer samples (alcohol content 5% v/v) was found to be 80.5% (NDMA) and 89.4% (NDEA) and recovery of extraction from activated carbon was calculated as 82.1% (NDMA) and 89.7% (NDEA), respectively. The effect of 100µgmL^–1 of tannic acid on the adsorption was also studied, and no significant effect on the adsorption and extraction of volatile N-nitrosamine compounds was found.     

ICP-MS法快速测定丙烯腈/乙腈中的铁、铜

采用带八级杆碰撞/反应池(ORS)的电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS),直接测定丙烯腈或乙腈产品中的Fe、Cu,标准加入法定量.结果表明,方法的线性范围宽,线性相关系数均大于0.999.2种元素的相对标准偏差均低于5%,加标回收率在90%~110%.该方法简便、快速、准确.     

Cr/CeO2体系及其对乙烷脱氢反应催化性能的研究

The dehydrogenation reaction of ethane over Cr/CeO₂ catalysts in presence of CO₂ was studied with fixed-bed micro-reactor. The Cr/CeO₂ catalysts of different Cr loading have been synthesized using impregnation techniques. The Cr/CeO₂ system has already been found to be active and selective in the reaction at around 740 ℃. The function of carbon dioxide is to remove coke and hydrogen to accelerate dehydrogenation of ethane. The results of catalysts characterizations indicated that Cr³⁺ and Cr⁶⁺ occurred on the surface of the catalysts. The 1.2 mmol Cr/100m₂ CeO₂ catalyst sample with a monolayer dispersion of Cr on CeO₂ support showed a stronger surface acidity and a maximum yield of ethylene of about 35.5% at 36.6% conversion of ethane.     

Metallophthalocyanines with rod-shaped substituents

4-(4′-Dioctylaminocarbonylbiphenyloxy) phthalonitrile was synthesized from 4-(4′-carboxybiphenyloxy)phthalonitrile and dioctylamine in the presence of Et₃N. Metallophthalocyanines (Zn, Co and Cu) substituted with four dioctylaminocarbonyl biphenyloxy groups on the peripheral positions were prepared from 4-(4′-dioctylaminocarbonylbiphenyloxy)phthalonitrile and the corresponding divalent metal salts (Zn(CH₃COO)₂, CoCl₂ and CuCl₂). The new phthalocyanines are soluble in common organic solvents. These compounds were characterised by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis and mass spectroscopies.     

臭氧与二乙胺和三乙胺气相反应的速率常数

利用自制的烟雾箱系统研究了臭氧与二乙胺和三乙胺的气相反应动力学. 实验过程中保证二乙胺和三乙胺浓度远远大于臭氧浓度, 使得实验在准一级条件下进行. 加入环己烷以消除实验过程中可能产生的OH自由基对反应的影响. 在(298±1) K和1.01×105 Pa条件下, 测得臭氧与二乙胺和三乙胺反应的绝对速率常数值分别为(1.33±0.15)×10^-17和(8.20±1.01)×10^-17 cm³·molecule^-1·s^-1. 与文献中已有的其它胺类的臭氧反应数据比较后发现, 臭氧与胺的反应可以用亲电反应机制来解释. 另外, 通过对比发现, 臭氧与三取代的烷基胺类的反应速率要远远大于其与二取代的烷基胺类的反应速率. 这在一定程度上可有助于解释外场观测到的气溶胶相中二烷基胺盐较多的事实. 利用测得的速率常数和大气中臭氧浓度, 还估算了二乙胺和三乙胺与臭氧反应的大气寿命. 结果显示, 与臭氧的反应是二乙胺和三乙胺在大气中的一种重要的消除途径, 尤其是在污染严重地区.