全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3693篇 |
免费 | 74篇 |
国内免费 | 30篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 2936篇 |
晶体学 | 49篇 |
力学 | 58篇 |
数学 | 176篇 |
物理学 | 578篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 24篇 |
2021年 | 30篇 |
2020年 | 31篇 |
2019年 | 38篇 |
2018年 | 26篇 |
2017年 | 31篇 |
2016年 | 43篇 |
2015年 | 68篇 |
2014年 | 78篇 |
2013年 | 263篇 |
2012年 | 164篇 |
2011年 | 229篇 |
2010年 | 125篇 |
2009年 | 104篇 |
2008年 | 191篇 |
2007年 | 198篇 |
2006年 | 220篇 |
2005年 | 206篇 |
2004年 | 178篇 |
2003年 | 191篇 |
2002年 | 194篇 |
2001年 | 43篇 |
2000年 | 51篇 |
1999年 | 54篇 |
1998年 | 40篇 |
1997年 | 37篇 |
1996年 | 51篇 |
1995年 | 50篇 |
1994年 | 43篇 |
1993年 | 28篇 |
1992年 | 29篇 |
1991年 | 27篇 |
1990年 | 29篇 |
1989年 | 35篇 |
1988年 | 34篇 |
1987年 | 26篇 |
1986年 | 25篇 |
1985年 | 46篇 |
1984年 | 47篇 |
1983年 | 28篇 |
1982年 | 57篇 |
1981年 | 39篇 |
1980年 | 55篇 |
1979年 | 58篇 |
1978年 | 41篇 |
1977年 | 30篇 |
1976年 | 24篇 |
1975年 | 23篇 |
1974年 | 25篇 |
1973年 | 18篇 |
排序方式: 共有3797条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
A random phase mask is often used for Fourier transform holography to improve its recording and reconstruction characteristics. However, a conventional random phase pattern has the disadvantage of expanding the recording spot, which is caused by the high-resolution phase modulation. Previously, we proposed a random phase pattern that makes the recording spot narrower than the conventional one with maintaining a moderate reconstruction quality. In the present study, we apply the proposed random phase pattern to computer-generated binary holograms and evaluate both the hologram distribution and reconstruction quality in terms of practical holographic memory systems. The results confirm the effectiveness of the random phase in the reconstruction for an elementary data pattern. 相似文献
62.
63.
This paper presents a theory of scattering from very rough metallic and dielectric surfaces using the first- and second-order Kirchhoff approximations (KA) modified with the angular and propagation shadowing. The shadowing functions limit the single and double scattered waves which are illuminated and not shadowed by the surface. The theoretical results are compared with the Monte Carlo simulations showing the range of validity of the theory. The theory is applicable to the range where the RMS height is close to a wavelength and the RMS slope is close to unity, and the second medium is lossy. The second-order scattering includes two waves travelling in opposite directions on the surface, giving a physical explanation of the enhanced backscattering. 相似文献
64.
Semiconductor diamond is considered the best heater material to generate ultra-high temperatures in a Kawai cell. In two pioneering studies, a mixture of graphite and amorphous boron (or boron carbide, B4C) was converted to semiconductor diamond in the diamond stability field and was confirmed to generate 2000°C and 3500°C, respectively. Following these works, we synthesized a homemade boron-doped graphite block with fine machinability. With this technical breakthrough, we developed a semiconductor diamond heater in a smaller Kawai-type cell assembly. Here, we report the procedure for making machinable boron-doped graphite, and the performance of the material as a heater in a Kawai cell at 15?GPa using tungsten carbide anvils and at ~50?GPa using sintered diamond anvils. Furthermore, we present a finite element simulation of the temperature distribution generated by a semiconductor diamond heater, which is much more homogeneous than that generated by a metal heater. 相似文献
65.
We characterize hereditary (as coalgebras) Hopf algebras by the property of ‘equivariant smoothness’, and apply the result
to generalize to the super-context, the category equivalence, due to Hochschild, between the unipotent algebraic affine groups
and the finite-dimensional nilpotent Lie algebras, in characteristic zero. The global dimension of commutative Hopf algebras,
regarded as coalgebras, is also discussed.
Presented by S. Montgomery
Mathematics Subject Classification (2000) 16W30. 相似文献
66.
A compact high-resolution optical heterodyne interferometer combining a two-frequency light module and a minute optical system
is described. The light module, which generates two independent frequencies of light, is fabricated by proton exchange method
on LiNbO3 substrate. We report an experiment evaluating measurement accuracy using a micro-displacement measurement system which incorporates
this interferometer. Results of the experiment with a standard thickness sample show high thermal stability with maximum measurement
error of 1.8 nm at a temperature from 19°C to 33°C. The system was used to measure the hysteresis of a piezoelectric element
for displacements of several nm, thereby making it possible to analyze the system quantitatively in practice. 相似文献
67.
The existence of a 2‐factor in K1, n‐free graphs with large connectivity and large edge‐connectivity
R. E. L. Aldred Yoshimi Egawa Jun Fujisawa Katsuhiro Ota Akira Saito 《Journal of Graph Theory》2011,68(1):77-89
In this article, we study the existence of a 2‐factor in a K1, n‐free graph. Sumner [J London Math Soc 13 (1976), 351–359] proved that for n?4, an (n?1)‐connected K1, n‐free graph of even order has a 1‐factor. On the other hand, for every pair of integers m and n with m?n?4, there exist infinitely many (n?2)‐connected K1, n‐free graphs of even order and minimum degree at least m which have no 1‐factor. This implies that the connectivity condition of Sumner's result is sharp, and we cannot guarantee the existence of a 1‐factor by imposing a large minimum degree. On the other hand, Ota and Tokuda [J Graph Theory 22 (1996), 59–64] proved that for n?3, every K1, n‐free graph of minimum degree at least 2n?2 has a 2‐factor, regardless of its connectivity. They also gave examples showing that their minimum degree condition is sharp. But all of them have bridges. These suggest that the effects of connectivity, edge‐connectivity and minimum degree to the existence of a 2‐factor in a K1, n‐free graph are more complicated than those to the existence of a 1‐factor. In this article, we clarify these effects by giving sharp minimum degree conditions for a K1, n‐free graph with a given connectivity or edge‐connectivity to have a 2‐factor. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 68:77‐89, 2011 相似文献
68.
We successfully demonstrated low power penalty operation of a cross-phase modulated (XPM) wavelength converter using a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) power equalizer. We also clarified the SOA equalizing level for more adaptive wavelength conversion and achieved a power penalty of less than 1 dB over the wide input dynamic range of 15 dB. 相似文献
69.
Ryuichi Ashino Carlos A. Berenstein Akira Morimoto Mitsuo Morimoto Domenico Napoletani 《Applicable analysis》2013,92(5):577-609
The blind source separation problem is discussed in this article. Focusing on the assumption of independency of the sources in the time-frequency domain, we present a mathematical formulation for the estimation problem of the number of sources. The proposed method uses the quotient of complex valued time-frequency information of only two observed signals to detect the number of sources. No fewer number of observed signals than the detected number of sources is needed to separate sources. The assumption on sources is quite general independence in the time-frequency plane, which is different from that of independent component analysis. We propose algorithms with feedback and give numerical simulations to show the method works well even for noisy case. 相似文献
70.
Akira Saito 《Discrete Mathematics》2009,309(16):5000-1723
We consider 2-factors with a bounded number of components in the n-times iterated line graph Ln(G). We first give a characterization of graph G such that Ln(G) has a 2-factor containing at most k components, based on the existence of a certain type of subgraph in G. This generalizes the main result of [L. Xiong, Z. Liu, Hamiltonian iterated line graphs, Discrete Math. 256 (2002) 407-422]. We use this result to show that the minimum number of components of 2-factors in the iterated line graphs Ln(G) is stable under the closure operation on a claw-free graph G. This extends results in [Z. Ryjá?ek, On a closure concept in claw-free graphs, J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 70 (1997) 217-224; Z. Ryjá?ek, A. Saito, R.H. Schelp, Closure, 2-factors and cycle coverings in claw-free graphs, J. Graph Theory 32 (1999) 109-117; L. Xiong, Z. Ryjá?ek, H.J. Broersma, On stability of the hamiltonian index under contractions and closures, J. Graph Theory 49 (2005) 104-115]. 相似文献