Phase relationships and thermodynamic interactions in linear polyethylene–diluent systems

Phase equilibria between linear polyethylene and a number of organic diluents of varying type have been investigated. The diluents include aliphatic alcohols, alkyl phenols, aryl phenols, diphenyl derivatives, alkyl aryl ethers, esters, and ketones. It is found that n-octyl alcohol, n-decyl alcohol, n-lauryl alcohol, p-tert-amyl alcohol, p-octyl phenol, p-nonyl, phenol, diphenyl, diphenylmethane, diphenyl ether, benzyl phenyl ether, and anisole are Θ-solvents for linear polyethylene at temperatures between 120 and 200°C. Thermodynamic interactions are discussed in relation to the type of diluent.     

Two new triterpenes from the seeds of Trichosanthes cucumeroides

Two new triterpenes named 7-oxodihydrokarounitriol (1) and 7,11-dioxodihydrokarounidiol (2), and one known triterpene, 7-oxodihydrokarounidiol (3), were isolated from the unsaponifiable matter of the seeds of Trichosanthes cucumeroides. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated as (3alpha, 11beta, 13alpha, 14beta, 20alpha)-3,11,29-trihydroxy-13-methyl-26-norolean-8-ene-7-one, and (3alpha,13alpha,14beta,20alpha)-3,29-dihydroxy-13-methyl-26-norolean-8-ene-7,11-dione on the basis of extensive NMR (1H, 13C, 1H-1H COSY, DEPT, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY) and MS studies.     

Three-dimensional morphological chirality induction using high magnetic fields in membrane tubes prepared by a silicate garden reaction

Using a vertical superconducting magnet (max. 15 T), we studied magnetic field effects on membrane tube morphology prepared by a silicate garden reaction. At zero field, semipermeable membrane tubes grew upward when metal salts were added to a sodium silicate aqueous solution. In the presence of a magnetic field (15 T, downward) right-handed helical membrane tubes grew along a glass vessel's inner surface when magnesium chloride and copper sulfate were added. Referring to membrane tubes by the names of metal cations used in their preparation, in the case of Mg(II) and Zn(II) membrane tubes, the left-handed helical tubes grew when the field direction was reversed upward. The left-handed helical Mg(II) membrane tubes grew in the magnetic field when a glass rod was placed in a vessel. Mg(II) and Zn(II) tubes, separate from a vessel wall, grew in a twisted shape in the magnetic field. In situ observation of the solution's motion during the reaction revealed that the Lorentz force on the outflow from the opened top of the hollow membrane tube induced convection of the solution near the tube exit, engendering chiral growth of the membrane tubes. Relative orientation of the outflow and a boundary (a vessel wall or glass rod surface) helped to determine the convection's direction.     

Vacancy diffusion in magnetite

The chemical diffusion coefficient in a single crystal of magnetite was measured by observing the relaxation of deviations from stoichiometry responding to a stepwise change in oxygen partial pressure between 1300 and 1450°C. The chemical diffusion coefficient was proportional to $\text{(?}\text{In}\text{δ}\text{?}\text{In}\text{p}{}_{\mathrm{o2}}\text{)}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}$. The vacancy diffusion coefficient was calculated with the help of nonstoichiometric data and was found to be independent of the vacancy composition. The value of D_v was

$\text{D}{}_{\mathrm{v}}\text{= (0.14 ± 0.08)}\text{exp}\text{(?}\text{(32,500 ± 1800)}\text{RT)}\text{cm}{}^2\text{s}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}$

.     

Deformation cubic anvil press and stress and strain measurements using monochromatic X-rays at high pressure and high temperature

A system for deformation experiments under high pressure using a deformation cubic apparatus, with monochromatic synchrotron radiation, has been developed at beamline AR-NE7A, Photon Factory, KEK High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan. We have conducted deformation experiments of fayalite using this new system at pressures up to 5 GPa and temperatures up to 1073 K, and successfully conducted the stress and strain measurements during the deformation.     

IR Study on Aqueous Solution Behavior of D-Cycloserine

IR spectra were measured for an antitubercular agent, D-cycloserine (CS), and the hydrolyzate, β-aminooxy-D-alanine (AOA) and the dimer, cis-3, 6-bis(aminooxymethyl)-2, 5-piperadinedione (CS-dimer) at various pHs in aqueous solutions. Molecular species existing in the ionic equilibria were characterized by the pH dependence of the spectra. Band assignments were carried out by reference to the spectra of D₂0 solutions and those of related compounds. Spontaneous transformation of CS to CS-dimer was observed by the IR spectra for the neutral aqueous solution. The spectral evidence suggested that the non-ionic form of CS plays a key role in the dimerization process.     

Magnetic Compton scattering study of NpNiGa5

We have carried out the magnetic Compton scattering of NpNiGa₅. The signs of the magnetic effects in both ordered states are negative. These facts demonstrate that the contribution of the Np 5f electrons is dominant in the ordered states of NpNiGa₅. The magnetic Compton profile shows significant change across the successive transitions. This suggests that the successive transitions are correlated with the 5f quadrupolar degrees of freedom and/or the change of the quantized axis.     

Synthesis of an azaspirane via Birch reduction alkylation prompted by suggestions from a computer program

With the aid of proposals from a computer program for synthesis design, a new method of synthesizing azaspiranes has been developed. In this method, one starts with a suitable benzoic acid ester, which is subjected to Birch reduction. Then the anionic intermediate is alkylated with 1,2-dibromoethane. The product is subsequently reacted with an amine to give a spiro lactam.     

Teleportation without resorting to Bell measurement

A simple scheme for teleportation based on perfect correlations without discrimination of Bell states is investigated, in which well-defined physical quantity is subjected to measurement. An example for realization of this scheme with probability 1/2 is also given.