Effects of Motion, Implied Direction and Displacement of a Large-Visual-Stimulus on Postural Control

Effects of motion, implied direction in a static stimulus and displacement on postural control were examined independently. In Experiment 1, rotation of a random-dot stimulus was presented. In Experiments 2 and 3, photographic slides of natural scenes were used; participants closed their eyes during stimulus rotation to eliminate motion information. In Experiment 2, the stimulus was presented upright initially, then presented again with a tilt. In Experiment 3, the order was reversed to separate the effects of implied direction and displacement. Results showed that all information of motion, implied direction, and displacement had some effect on postural control, although visual information of motion has been presumed to have a principal effect on postural control. Results suggested that the effects of implied direction might reflect an immediate processing of information. The effects of displacement and motion might reflect a continuous processing of information.     

No-Cloning Theorem,Kochen-Specker Theorem,and Quantum Measurement Theories

The usual no-cloning theorem implies that two quantum states are identical or orthogonal if we allow a cloning to be on the two quantum states. Here, we investigate a relation between the no-cloning theorem and the projective measurement theory that the results of measurements are either + 1 or − 1. We introduce the Kochen-Specker (KS) theorem with the projective measurement theory. We result in the fact that the two quantum states under consideration cannot be orthogonal if we avoid the KS contradiction. Thus the no-cloning theorem implies that the two quantum states under consideration are identical in that case. It turns out that the KS theorem with the projective measurement theory says a new version of the no-cloning theorem. Next, we investigate a relation between the no-cloning theorem and the measurement theory based on the truth values that the results of measurements are either + 1 or 0. We return to the usual no-cloning theorem that the two quantum states are identical or orthogonal in the case.

     

Quadrupolar susceptibility and magnetic phase diagram of PrNi2Cd20 with non-Kramers doublet ground state

ABSTRACT

In this study, ultrasonic measurements were performed on a single crystal of cubic PrNi₂Cd₂₀, down to a temperature of 0.02?K, to investigate the crystalline electric field ground state and search for possible phase transitions at low temperatures. The elastic constant (C₁₁?C₁₂)/2, which is related to the Γ₃-symmetry quadrupolar response, exhibits the Curie-type softening at temperatures below ～30?K, which indicates that the present system has a Γ₃ non-Kramers doublet ground state. A leveling-off of the elastic response appears below ～0.1?K toward the lowest temperatures, which implies the presence of level splitting owing to a long-range order in a finite-volume fraction associated with Γ₃-symmetry multipoles. A magnetic field–temperature phase diagram of the present compound is constructed up to 28?T for H || [110]. A clear acoustic de Haas–van Alphen signal and a possible magnetic-field-induced phase transition at H ～26?T are also detected by high-magnetic-field measurements.     

Two possible ways to combine boron and gadolinium for Gd-guided BNCT. A concept

Abstract

Two ways of synthesis of theragnostic compounds for Gd-guided boron neutron capture therapy of cancer are proposed. The first way is based on modification of DO3A ligand, which a capable to form stable complexes with gadolinium, with attachment of boron-containing moieties and additional functional groups which can be used for conjugation with various biomacromolecules. The second way is based on the introduction of additional chelating groups into a boron-containing moiety—carborane-based ligand. It is expected that this will significantly improve the stability of the gadolinium bis(dicarbollide) complexes.