Generalization of convex and related functions

In this paper some new kinds of generalized Logarithmic and Harmonic Convex functions have been introduced and their relationships with known concepts have been discussed.     

Studies on polycyclic azaarenes—1 : synthesis of acenaphtho[1,2-b]quinolines

A simple synthesis of acenaphthoquinolines by thermal cyclization of anils is described.     

Green procedure for highly efficient,rapid synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine and its late stage functionalization

We unfold a rapid synthetic protocol for the preparation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine in cyclohexane. This methodology includes several advantages like shorter reaction time, catalyst free, broader substrate scope, and good yields of the desired products. Late stage functionalization of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine has also been performed through C–H bond activation and C–C cross-coupling reactions.     

Efficient Chemical Protein Synthesis using Fmoc‐Masked N‐Terminal Cysteine in Peptide Thioester Segments

We report an operationally simple method to facilitate chemical protein synthesis by fully convergent and one‐pot native chemical ligations utilizing the fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) moiety as an N‐masking group of the N‐terminal cysteine of the middle peptide thioester segment(s). The Fmoc group is stable to the harsh oxidative conditions frequently used to generate peptide thioesters from peptide hydrazide or o‐aminoanilide. The ready availability of Fmoc‐Cys(Trt)‐OH, which is routinely used in Fmoc solid‐phase peptide synthesis, where the Fmoc group is pre‐installed on cysteine residue, minimizes additional steps required for the temporary protection of the N‐terminal cysteinyl peptides. The Fmoc group is readily removed after ligation by short exposure (<7 min) to 20 % piperidine at pH 11 in aqueous conditions at room temperature. Subsequent native chemical ligation reactions can be performed in presence of piperidine in the same solution at pH 7.     

Preferential binding of the magnesium ion by anthraquinone based chromogenic receptors

Two new anthraquinone based receptors have been synthesized. A colour change for both these receptors could be detected when group IIA metal ions were added in DMF solution at room temperature. No such colour change was noticed for group IA metal ions. Association constants for these receptors towards Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺ and Ba²⁺ were evaluated by systematic spectrophotomeric titrations and they follow the order K_Mg(II) ? K_Ca(II) > K_Sr(II) ? K_Ba(II). The association constants for L₁ were found to be higher than those for L₂ toward group IIA metal ions. Ab initio quantum chemical calculations have been performed to rationalize these observed results. X-ray structural analysis shows a helical structure for one of the receptor molecules.     

Synthesis and structural studies on di-oxovanadium(V) complexes of N(4)-substituted pyrazole based thiosemicarbazones

Three mononuclear cis-dioxovanadium(V) complexes of tridentate thiosemicarbazones derived from 5-methyl-3-formylpyrazole (MPA) and N(4)-methyl/ethyl/dimethyl thiosemicarbazide have been synthesized and characterized. Single crystal X-ray analyses were performed with [VO₂L¹] (1), [VO₂L²] (2) and [VO₂L³] (3), where L¹, L² and L³ denote the [1 + 1] thiosemicarbazone mono-anions derived from MPA and N(4)-substituted methyl/ethyl/dimethyl thiosemicarbazide respectively. In all the complexes the vanadium atom is in a distorted square pyramidal geometry with a N₂SO₂ chromophore. The interesting finding in the work is that in complexes 1 and 2, the thioimine nitrogen unusually participates in coordination whereas in 3 it is the azomethine nitrogen (quite usual) which is involved in the coordination process.     

Effect of SiO2–metal–SiO2 plasmonic structures on InGaAs/GaAs quantum well intermixing

Dielectric–metal–dielectric sandwich structures have been fabricated on top of an InGaAs/GaAs single quantum well (QW) structure to enhance atomic interdiffusion across the QW interfaces at elevated temperature during rapid thermal annealing using a halogen lamp as the heating source. The QW intermixing enhancement is realized during rapid thermal annealing. By placing a properly designed SiO₂–Ag–SiO₂ structure on top of the QW sample, a blueshift in photoluminescence emission from 920 to 882 nm was observed, larger than that obtained in a SiO₂-capped QW annealed at the same condition. Finite-difference time-domain simulation and optical reflectance measurements showed that the enhanced QW intermixing is due to the plasmonic resonance-enhanced light absorption and suppressed light reflection from the SiO₂–Ag–SiO₂ structure.     

Ballistic focusing of polyenergetic protons driven by petawatt laser pulses

By using a thick (250 μm) target with 350 μm radius of curvature, the intense proton beam driven by a petawatt laser is focused at a distance of ～1 mm from the target for all detectable energies up to ～25 MeV. The thickness of the foil facilitates beam focusing as it suppresses the dynamic evolution of the beam divergence caused by peaked electron flux distribution at the target rear side. In addition, reduction in inherent beam divergence due to the target thickness relaxes the curvature requirement for short-range focusing. Energy resolved mapping of the proton beam trajectories from mesh radiographs infers the focusing and the data agree with a simple geometrical modeling based on ballistic beam propagation.